Table 3.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes associated factors of the study patients one year after the e-intervention.
| Variables | All (n = 600) | Non-e group (n = 300) | e group (n = 300) | p- value^ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency(%)/Mean ± SD | Frequency(%)/Mean ± SD | Frequency(%)/Mean ± SD | |||||
| Outcome variables | |||||||
| Hospitalization days (days/person-years) | 1.66 | ±9.08 | 3.39 | ±12.77 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | <0.0001 |
| Blood flow (cc/min) | 287.39 | ±39.31 | 283.52 | ±35.97 | 291.08 | ±41.99 | 0.0032 |
| 1-year all-cause mortality | |||||||
| Deaths | 13 (2.17) | 13 (4.33) | 0 (0.0) | <0.0001 | |||
| Survivors | 909 (97.5) | 287 (95.67) | 300 (100.0) | ||||
| Physiological and biochemical variables | |||||||
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.94 | ±0.33 | 3.9 | ±0.34 | 3.97 | ±0.32 | 0.0041 |
| Pre-HD creatinine (mg/dL) | 10.76 | ±2.48 | 10.73 | ±2.54 | 10.78 | ±2.44 | 0.733 |
| nPCR (g/kg/day) | 1.28 | ±0.43 | 1.28 | ±0.43 | 1.28 | ±0.44 | 0.8284 |
| TACurea (mg/dL) | 41.87 | ±11.54 | 42.2 | ±12.3 | 41.55 | ±10.79 | 0.569 |
| Potassium (meq/L) | 4.93 | ±0.76 | 4.93 | ±0.77 | 4.94 | ±0.75 | 0.7899 |
| Kt/V | 1.51 | ±0.35 | 1.51 | ±0.42 | 1.5 | ±0.26 | 0.9566 |
| URR | 0.77 | ±0.06 | 0.76 | ±0.06 | 0.78 | ±0.06 | <0.0001 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 31.88 | ±4.1 | 32.05 | ±4.26 | 31.72 | ±3.94 | 0.6287 |
| Iron administration by vein | |||||||
| No | 463 (78.88) | 236 (82.23) | 227 (75.67) | 0.0509 | |||
| Yes | 124 (21.12) | 51 (17.77) | 73 (24.33) | ||||
| Monthly EPO usage (1000U/month)* | 16 (10,22) | 16 (8,20) | 16 (12, 22) | 0.0979 | |||
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.76 | ±0.99 | 9.82 | ±1.01 | 9.71 | ±0.96 | 0.2305 |
| Phosphate (mg/dL) | 4.9 | ±1.49 | 4.89 | ±1.57 | 4.91 | ±1.42 | 0.8149 |
| iPTH (ng/mL)* | 181.5 (62.1, 455.2) | 178.2 (53.4, 441.5) | 188.1 (71.7, 478.25) | 0.6106 | |||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 169.69 | ±36.21 | 168.94 | ±35.75 | 170.37 | ±36.66 | 0.6157 |
| Glucose (mg/dL)* | 96.0 (84.0, 128.0) | 97 (85, 129) | 94 (82, 127) | 0.2219 | |||
| Cardiothoracic ratio | 0.49 | ±0.06 | 0.50 | ±0.07 | 0.48 | ±0.06 | <0.0001 |
e group: e-intervention group; non-e group: non-e-intervention group; HD: hemodialysis; nPCR: normalized protein catabolic rate; TACurea: time-averaged concentration of urea; URR: urea reduction ratio; EPO: erythropoietin; iPTH: intact parathyroid hormone.
*The variables with skew distribution were presented as median (1st-quartile, 3rd-quartile) and tested with Mann–Whitney U-test accordingly.
^The p-value was calculated by multiple regression models while adjusted by age, gender, and HD duration.