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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Free Radic Biol Med. 2017 Mar 19;109:75–83. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.020

Figure 4. Role of MKP-1 in Macrophage Dysfunction induced by Metabolic Stress.

Figure 4

Metabolic stress induces MKP-1 S-glutathionylation and the subsequent degradation of the phosphatase, and the overall loss of MKP-1 activity. Loss of MKP-1 activity leads to the hyper-responsiveness to chemokines, accelerated chemotaxis and increase recruitment and accumulation of dysfunction monocyte-derived macrophages, characterized by dysregulated activation profiles (M1 versus M2), impaired autophagy and increased sensitivity to oxysterol induced programmed cell death.