Trx1 binds to its targets and exerts cardioprotection by preventing
mitochondrial dysfunction, increasing ATP production and mitochondrial
biogenesis, inhibiting apoptosis, and preventing cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac
fibrosis. It mainly interacts with and reduces disulfide bonds in its target
molecules. It can also participate in other post-translational modifications
such as S-nitrosylation and methylation (indicated in green). The functional
significance of Trx1 in the heart is highlighted in purple. (Abbreviations: ROS-
Reactive Oxygen Species, I/R- Ischemia/Reperfusion, IPC- Ischemic
Preconditioning, Post-Postconditioning)