Table 3.
Potential gene–gene and gene–environment interactions of ATM gene polymorphisms in association with lung cancer.
| Cases N (%) | Controls N (%) | Crude odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratiosa (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p53rs1042522 | ATMrs227060 | ||||
| GG + GC | CC + CT | 205 (60.1) | 310 (70.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| GG + GC | TT | 44 (12.9) | 45 (10.2) | 1.48 (0.94 to 2.32) | 1.38 (0.87 to 2.19) |
| CC | CC + CT | 75 (22.0) | 80 (18.0) | 1.42 (0.99 to 2.03) | 1.44 (1.00 to 2.10) |
| CC | TT | 17 (5.0) | 8 (1.8) | 3.21 (1.36 to 7.58) | 3.36 (1.39 to 8.08) |
| OR for interactionb | 1.53 (0.56 to 4.19) | 1.68 (0.60 to 4.71) | |||
| RERIc | 1.32 (−1.49 to 4.12) | 1.53 (−1.45 to 4.51) | |||
| Smoking | |||||
| Never | CC + CT | 136 (38.6) | 245 (54.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Never | TT | 27 (7.7) | 31 (6.9) | 1.57 (0.90 to 2.74) | 1.52 (0.87 to 2.68) |
| Ever | CC + CT | 151 (42.9) | 151 (33.5) | 1.80 (1.32 to 2.45) | 3.69 (2.30 to 5.92) |
| Ever | TT | 38 (10.8) | 24 (5.3) | 2.85 (1.64 to 4.96) | 6.05 (3.10 to 11.84) |
| OR for interaction | 1.01 (0.46 to 2.22) | 1.08 (0.48 to 2.40) | |||
| RERI | 0.48 (−1.24 to 2.20) | 1.84 (−1.63 to 5.32) | |||
| Alcohol drinking | |||||
| Never | CC + CT | 219 (62.2) | 295 (65.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Never | TT | 46 (13.1) | 38 (8.4) | 1.63 (1.03 to 2.59) | 1.56 (0.97 to 2.51) |
| Ever | CC + CT | 68 (19.3) | 101 (22.4) | 0.91 (0.64 to 1.29) | 0.71 (0.47 to 109) |
| Ever | TT | 19 (5.4) | 17 (3.8) | 1.51 (0.77 to 2.96) | 1.21 (0.58 to 2.51) |
| OR for interaction | 1.02 (0.43 to 2.40) | 1.08 (0.45 to 2.61) | |||
| RERI | −0.03 (−1.29 to 1.22) | −0.07 (−1.17 to 1.04) | |||
| Tea drinking | |||||
| Ever | CC + CT | 116 (32.9) | 170 (37.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Ever | TT | 21 (6.0) | 29 (6.4) | 0.89 (0.43 to 1.87) | 0.96 (0.51 to 1.79) |
| Never | CC + CT | 171 (48.6) | 226 (50.1) | 1.37 (0.92 to 2.05) | 1.29 (0.90 to 1.86) |
| Never | TT | 44 (12.5) | 26 (5.8) | 2.43 (1.31 to 4.53) | 2.89 (1.63 to 5.12) |
| OR for interaction | 2.11 (0.94 to 4.70) | 2.32 (1.02 to 5.29) | |||
| RERI | 1.31 (−0.07 to 2.69) | 1.63 (0.05 to 3.21) | |||
| p53rs1042522 | ATMrs228589 | ||||
| GG + GC | TT + TA | 180 (51.9) | 274 (62.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| GG + GC | AA | 73 (21.0) | 81 (18.3) | 1.37 (0.95 to 1.98) | 1.35 (0.92 to 1.97) |
| CC | TT + TA | 65 (18.7) | 71 (16.1) | 1.39 (0.95 to 2.05) | 1.42 (0.95 to 2.11) |
| CC | AA | 29 (8.4) | 16 (3.6) | 2.76 (1.46 to 5.23) | 3.00 (1.55 to 5.83) |
| OR for interaction | 1.44 (0.66 to 3.17) | 1.57 (0.70 to 3.55) | |||
| RERI | 0.99 (−0.81 to 2.80) | 1.24 (−0.78 to 3.25) | |||
| Smoking | |||||
| Never | TT + TA | 119 (33.1) | 218 (48.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Never | AA | 46 (12.8) | 59 (13.2) | 1.43 (0.92 to 2.23) | 1.48 (0.94 to 2.33) |
| Ever | TT + TA | 134 (37.2) | 131 (29.2) | 1.87 (1.35 to 2.60) | 4.14 (2.51 to 6.83) |
| Ever | AA | 61 (16.9) | 40 (8.9) | 2.79 (1.77 to 4.41) | 6.29 (3.45 to 11.48) |
| OR for interaction | 1.04 (0.55 to 1.99) | 1.03 (0.53 to 1.98) | |||
| RERI | 0.49 (−1.04 to 2.02) | 1.67 (−1.27 to 4.61) | |||
| Alcohol drinking | |||||
| Never | TT + TA | 193 (53.6) | 257 (57.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Never | AA | 79 (21.9) | 74 (16.5) | 1.42 (0.98 to 2.05) | 1.42 (0.97 to 2.09) |
| Ever | TT + TA | 60 (16.7) | 92 (20.5) | 0.87 (0.60 to 1.26) | 0.69 (0.44 to 1.08) |
| Ever | AA | 28 (7.8) | 25 (5.6) | 1.49 (0.84 to 2.64) | 1.17 (0.62 to 2.21) |
| OR for interaction | 1.21 (0.58 to 2.51) | 1.20 (0.57 to 3.53) | |||
| RERI | 0.20 (−0.77 to 1.18) | 0.06 (−0.80 to 0.92) | |||
| Tea drinking | |||||
| Ever | TT + TA | 116 (32.9) | 170 (37.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Ever | AA | 21 (6.0) | 29 (6.4) | 1.44 (0.88 to 2.35) | 1.31 (0.79 to 2.17) |
| Never | TT + TA | 171 (48.6) | 226 (50.1) | 1.20 (0.87 to 1.68) | 1.37 (0.93 to 2.00) |
| Never | AA | 44 (12.5) | 26 (5.8) | 1.86 (1.19 to 2.91) | 2.27 (1.39 to 3.70) |
| OR for interaction | 1.07 (0.56 to 2.04) | 1.27 (0.65 to 2.47) | |||
| RERI | 0.22 (−0.74 to 1.18) | 0.59 (−0.49 to 1.68) | |||
Estimates in bold represent statistically significant associations.
aAdjusted for age, sex, and smoking status (0 = never smokers, 1 = ever smokers).
bResults of multiplicative interaction.
cResults of relative excess risk due to interaction. RERI value “0” indicates no biological interaction.