Table 1.

Comparisons of α diversity or β diversity indices among the five study groups.

Between-group	P-values (α Diversity Index)						P-values (β Diversity Index)
	OTUs	Observed_ species	Chao1	ACE	Shannon	Simpson	Weighted Unifrac distance	Bray–Curtis distance
HP vs. CT	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
HPHS vs. CT	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
HPHF vs. CT	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
HPHM vs. CT	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
HPHS vs. HP	0.002	0.001	0.003	0.001	0.991	0.972	0.025	0.019
HPHF vs. HP	0.118	0.296	0.038	0.021	0.241	0.181	<0.0001	<0.0001
HPHM vs. HP	0.413	0.751	0.467	0.557	0.222	0.198	0.139	0.669
HPHS vs. HPHF	0.199	0.095	0.273	0.199	0.336	0.277	<0.0001	<0.0001
HPHS vs. HPHM	0.043	0.011	0.045	0.027	0.700	0.679	0.596	0.180
HPHF vs. HPHM	0.627	0.422	0.36	0.235	0.08	0.051	<0.0001	<0.0001

P-values: Sex- and age-adjusted. HPHS: H. suis and H. pylori coinfection; HPHF: H. felis and H. pylori coinfection; HPHM: H. salomonis and H. pylori coinfection; HP: H. pylori monoinfection; CT: Helicobacter-negative.