Table 2.
Risk of alcohol-attributable admission or death according to socioeconomic status (multiply imputed data)
| Events/person-years |
Adjusted for age, sex, and survey wave |
Adjusted for age, sex, survey wave, alcohol consumption, and binge drinking |
Adjusted for age, sex, survey wave, alcohol consumption, binge drinking, BMI, and smoking status |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p* | HR (95% CI) | p* | HR (95% CI) | p* | |||
| Highest educational qualification† | .. | .. | <0·0001 | .. | <0·0001 | .. | <0·0001 | |
| Degree or above (ISCED 6–8) | 85/80 693·6 | 1·00 | .. | 1·00 | .. | 1·00 | .. | |
| HNC or HND (ISCED 5) | 82/45 934·5 | 1·62 (1·20–2·20) | .. | 1·38 (0·96–1·99) | .. | 1·24 (0·86–1·79) | .. | |
| Scottish higher grade (ISCED 4) | 89/52 234·2 | 1·69 (1·26–2·28) | .. | 1·63 (1·15–2·31) | .. | 1·51 (1·06–2·14) | .. | |
| Scottish standard grade (ISCED 3) | 296/111 984·5 | 2·55 (2·00–3·26) | .. | 2·29 (1·72–3·05) | .. | 1·86 (1·39–2·49) | .. | |
| Other school (ISCED 1 or 2) | 51/20 408·8 | 2·77 (1·94–3·94) | .. | 2·52 (1·69–3·77) | .. | 1·99 (1·32–2·98) | .. | |
| None (ISCED 0) | 419/118 070·2 | 3·76 (2·96–4·77) | .. | 3·44 (2·61–4·52) | .. | 2·50 (1·88–3·31) | .. | |
| Area-based deprivation (quintiles) | .. | .. | <0·0001 | .. | <0·0001 | .. | <0·0001 | |
| 5 (least deprived) | 93/76 272·8 | 1·00 | .. | 1·00 | .. | 1·00 | .. | |
| 4 | 142/86 077·9 | 1·36 (1·05–1·77) | .. | 1·37 (0·98–1·91) | .. | 1·27 (0·91–1·77) | .. | |
| 3 | 166/87 729·6 | 1·58 (1·23–2·04) | .. | 1·75 (1·28–2·40) | .. | 1·51 (1·10–2·07) | .. | |
| 2 | 243/89 746·8 | 2·32 (1·83–2·95) | .. | 2·62 (1·94–3·54) | .. | 2·11 (1·56–2·86) | .. | |
| 1 (most deprived) | 377/89 099·5 | 3·66 (2·92–4·59) | .. | 3·72 (2·79–4·98) | .. | 2·71 (2·01–3·64) | .. | |
| Social class | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| I (professional) | 21/18 562·3 | 1·00 | <0·0001 | 1·00 | <0·0001 | 1·00 | <0·0001 | |
| II (intermediate) | 153/108 653·9 | 1·50 (0·95–2·37) | .. | 1·27 (0·76–2·12) | .. | 1·18 (0·70–1·92) | .. | |
| IIINM (skilled non-manual) | 132/94 416·3 | 1·93 (1·21–3·07) | .. | 1·51 (0·89–2·58) | .. | 1·30 (0·76–2·21) | .. | |
| IIIM (skilled manual) | 262/81 515·1 | 2·69 (1·72–4·20) | .. | 2·14 (1·29–3·53) | .. | 1·65 (0·99–2·73) | .. | |
| IV (partly skilled) | 255/71 712·5 | 4·01 (2·57–6·27) | .. | 3·37 (2·04–5·57) | .. | 2·44 (1·47–4·05) | .. | |
| V (unskilled) | 129/29 536·7 | 5·22 (3·28–8·30) | .. | 4·33 (2·54–7·38) | .. | 3·02 (1·76–5·17) | .. | |
| Income (quintile) | .. | .. | <0·0001 | .. | <0·0001 | .. | <0·0001 | |
| 5 (highest) | 41/35 541·1 | 1·00 | .. | 1·00 | .. | 1·00 | .. | |
| 4 | 56/33 306·9 | 1·51 (1·01–2·26) | .. | 1·58 (1·04–2·39) | .. | 1·46 (0·96–2·22) | .. | |
| 3 | 72/31 373·3 | 2·17 (1·47–3·19) | .. | 2·30 (1·55–3·43) | .. | 1·99 (1·33–2·97) | .. | |
| 2 | 80/33 254·4 | 2·36 (1·61–3·47) | .. | 2·83 (1·91–4·20) | .. | 2·24 (1·50–3·34) | .. | |
| 1 (lowest) | 110/25 150·6 | 4·41 (3·07–6·33) | .. | 4·85 (3·32–7·09) | .. | 3·58 (2·43–5·27) | .. | |
BMI=body-mass index. HNC=Higher National Certificate. HND=Higher National Diploma. HR=hazard ratio.
*
p values are for the linear trend across socioeconomic status categories, calculated with the Wald test based on combined HR and SE estimates obtained by the application of Rubin's rules.
†
Defined with the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED).13