TABLE 1—

Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution in Relation to All-Cause Mortality in the Nurses’ Health Study: United States, 2000–2006

Model	% of Person-Years	Rate Ratio (95% CI)/10 µg/m3	P, Test for Multiplicative Interaction	Rate Difference (95% CI)/ 10 µg/m3/Person-Months	P, Test for Additive Interaction
Main effect only		1.13 (1.05, 1.22)		0.0044 (−0.0084, 0.0173)
Interaction by age, y			.34		< .001
< 60	13	1.35 (0.84, 2.16)		−0.0008 (−0.0291, 0.0275)
60 to < 70	42	1.02 (0.86, 1.21)		0.0007 (−0.0197, 0.0211)
≥ 70	45	1.16 (1.06, 1.26)		0.0079 (−0.0100, 0.0258)
Interaction by race			.76		< .001
White	94	1.12 (1.04, 1.22)		0.0037 (−0.0096, 0.0169)
Black	2	1.25 (0.94, 1.66)		0.0149 (−0.0326, 0.0624)
Other	4	1.26 (0.94, 1.68)		0.0129 (−0.0357, 0.0615)

Note. CI = confidence interval. Adjusted for age (months), calendar year, race, region, season, smoking status, pack-years, family history of myocardial infarction, body mass index, hypercholesterolemia, median family income in census tract of residence, median house value in census tract of residence, physical activity, alternate healthy eating index, nurses’ education, occupation of both parents, marital status, and husbands’ education.