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. 2017 Jun 8;8:957. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00957

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Copyright © 2017 Schläppi, Jackson, Eizenga, Wang, Chu, Shi, Shimoyama and Boykin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Examples of the five chilling tolerance indices assessed in this study. (A) Low Temperature Germinability (LTG) measures the percent germination of seeds after 30 days of incubation at 10 ± 1°C. First row, ∼100% LTG; second row, ∼50% LTG; third row, ∼10% LTG. (B) Plumule Growth after Cold Germination (PGCG) measures the growth rate of young seedlings at 28 ± 1°C after 30 days of germination at 10 ± 1°C. The first row illustrates high PGCG and the second row low PGCG. (C) Low Temperature Seedling Survivability (LTSS, left two plants), measures the survivability of 2-week-old seedlings after 1 week of incubation at 10 ± 1°C and 1 week of recovery growth at 28 ± 1°C. ∼100% LTSS (far left) vs. ∼0% LTSS (second from left). Plumule Growth after Cold (PGC, right two plants) measures the ability to resume growth at 28 ± 1°C after 1 week of incubation at 10 ± 1°C. ∼100% PGC (2-fold increase; second from right) vs ∼0% PGC (green but no growth; far right).