Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants by indicators of CKD
| Characteristics | Total(n = 47,204) | eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2(n = 2090) | eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2(n = 45,114) | ACR ≥ 30 mg/g(n = 5472) | ACR < 30 mg/g(n = 41,732) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 49.6 ± 15.2 | 67.2 ± 13.3 | 48.8 ± 14.8 | 52.8 ± 15.6 | 49.2 ± 15.1 |
| Men | 20,148(42.7%) | 665(31.8%) | 19,483(43.2%) | 2117(38.7%) | 18,031(43.2%) |
| Rural residents | 21,859(46.3%) | 950(45.5%) | 20,909(46.3%) | 2338(42.7%) | 19,521(46.8%) |
| Educated to high school or abovea | 20,950(44.5%) | 515(24.7%) | 20,435(45.4%) | 2183(40.0%) | 18,767(45.1%) |
| Current smoker | 11,094(23.5%) | 350(16.8%) | 10,744(23.8%) | 1136(20.8%) | 9958(23.9%) |
| Nephrotoxic medication used | 1536(3.3%) | 119(5.7%) | 1417(3.1%) | 236(4.3%) | 1300(3.1%) |
| History of MI or strokea | 1220(2.9%) | 181(10.0%) | 1039(2.6%) | 204(4.0%) | 1016(2.7%) |
| Hypertensiona | 16,691(35.4%) | 1275(61.1%) | 15,329(34.2%) | 2655(48.6%) | 13,949(33.6%) |
| Diabetesa | 3488(7.4%) | 341(16.3%) | 3147(7.0%) | 736(13.5%) | 2752(6.6%) |
| Body-mass index (kg/m2) a | 23.9 ± 3.7 | 24.3 ± 3.8 | 23.9 ± 3.7 | 24.4 ± 3.9 | 23.8 ± 3.7 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L)a | 1.1(0.80, 1.7) | 1.4(0.97, 2.0) | 1.1(0.76, 1.7) | 1.3(0.87, 1.9) | 1.1(0.76, 1.7) |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)a | 2.9 ± 0.95 | 3.2 ± 1.1 | 2.9 ± 0.94 | 2.9 ± 0.93 | 3.0 ± 0.95 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 74.8 ± 20.6 | 113.8 ± 53.4 | 73.0 ± 15.4 | 80.6 ± 28.6 | 74.0 ± 19.1 |
| eGFR (mL/min per 1.73m2) | 92.0 ± 18.7 | 51.1 ± 9.4 | 93.9 ± 16.7 | 84.1 ± 19.3 | 93.1 ± 18.4 |
| ACR (mg/g creatinine; median[IQR]) | 6.6(3.1, 13.6) | 10.2(3.9, 30.8) | 6.6(3.1, 13.3) | 74.5(42.7, 156.0) | 5.8(2.6, 10.2) |
Abbreviations CKD chronic kidney disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ACR albumin creatinine ratio, MI myocardial infarction, LDL low density lipoprotein
Data are n(%) or mean ± SD, unless stated otherwise. ACR presented as median and interquartile range because of high skew. aMissing counts: 119 – education level: 4870 – cardiovascular disease history; 243 – hypertension status; 45 – diabetes mellitus: 333 – body-mass index; 41 – triglycerides; 5559 – LDL cholesterol