Table 1.
Univariate analysis of patient characteristics in intubated and nonintubated subjects
| Overall (n = 102) | Nonintubated (n = 50) | Intubateda (n = 51) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, years | 39 (32–51) | 35 (29.25–40.5) | 46 (36.25–55.75) | 0.0005 |
| Male gender | 64 (63%) | 28 (56%) | 36 (70.6%) | 0.04 |
| Tobacco smokers | 52 (51%) | 29 (58%) | 23 (45.1%) | 0.23 |
| Co-morbidities | ||||
| Any comorbidity | 91 (89%) | 41 (82%) | 49 (96%) | 0.03 |
| Hypertension | 14 (14%) | 3 (6%) | 11 (21.6%) | 0.04 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 8 (8%) | 3 (6%) | 5 (9.8%) | 0.72 |
| Diabetes | 7 (7%) | 3 (6%) | 4 (7.8%) | 1 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 7 (7%) | 2 (4%) | 5 (9.8%) | 0.44 |
| Chronic respiratory insufficiency | 6 (6%) | 2 (4%) | 3 (5.9%) | 1 |
| Otherb | 5 (5%) | 1 (2%) | 3 (5.9%) | 0.62 |
| Underlying IS | 53 (52%) | 18 (36%) | 35 (68.6%) | 0.001 |
| Solid organ transplantation | 11 (11%) | 5 (10%) | 6 (11.8%) | 1 |
| Solid malignancy | 7 (7%) | 1 (2%) | 6 (11.8%) | 0.11 |
| Hematological malignancy | 15 (15%) | 4 (8%) | 11 (21.6%) | 0.09 |
| Pregnancy | 6 (6%) | 4 (8%) | 2 (3.9%) | 0.44 |
| Steroids treatment | 22 (22%) | 7 (14%) | 15 (29.4%) | 0.09 |
| Other immunosuppressionc | 6 (6%) | 1 (2%) | 5 (9.8%) | 0.20 |
| Respiratory parameters at ICU admission | ||||
| Respiratory rate, breaths/min | 30 (24.5–35) | 25 (22–30) | 31 (28.25–39.75) | 0.0006 |
| Oxygen flow, L/min | 6 (3–15) | 4 (2–8) | 15 (9.75–15) | <0.0001 |
| PaO2:FiO2 ratio, mmHg | 150 (80–284) | 250 (126.5–331) | 90 (72–162) | <0.0001 |
| Alveolar consolidation on chest X-ray | 30 (33%) | 9 (20%) | 21 (46.7%) | 0.01 |
| SOFA score at day 1 | 4 (3–7) | 3 (2–4) | 7 (5–10) | <0.0001 |
| Time (days) from dyspnea onset to ICU admission | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (1–3) | 0.34 |
| Empirical antibiotics at ICU | 62 (61%) | 19 (38%) | 42 (84%) | <0.0001 |
| Early-documented bacterial co-infection | 20 (20%) | 4 (8%) | 16 (31%) | 0.005 |
| Hospital mortality | 24 (24%) | 2 (4%) | 22 (43%) | <0.0001 |
Values are shown as n (%) or median (25th–75th percentiles)
aOne patient was not included in the mechanical ventilation analysis because of intubation 7 days before the diagnosis of varicella-zoster virus-related community-acquired pneumonia and for another reason (urgent surgery)
bOther co-morbidities were: cirrhosis (2, 2%), hepatitis B virus chronic infection (1, 1%), hepatitis C virus chronic infection (1, 1%)
cOther causes of immunosuppression were: splenectomy (2, 2%), HIV infection (1, 1%), tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists (1, 1%), methotrexate (1, 1%), azathioprine (1, 1%)
ICU intensive care unit, IS immunosuppression, PaO 2 :FiO 2 ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment