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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 9.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2017 Feb 9;168(4):584–599. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.015

Figure 3. The Hallmarks of a Precision-Oncology Study.

Figure 3

Shown are multiple facets of a modern oncology trial that not only refines a biomarker hypothesis in a scientifically principled manner but also can serve as an engine to drive new scientific discoveries. The hallmarks of a modern precision-oncology study include four primary scientific objectives: identification of the target, confirmation of target inhibition, biologic credentialing of the target, and description of the mechanisms underlying acquired resistance. Collection and analysis of biospecimens should be organized around, and driven by, these key objectives.