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. 2017 May 25;6:F1000 Faculty Rev-747. [Version 1] doi: 10.12688/f1000research.11113.1

Figure 1. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) systems for genome editing and gene regulation.

Figure 1.

A. CRISPR–Cas9-mediated site-specific genome editing is accomplished by an RNA-guided DNA nuclease protein and a programmable single guide RNA (sgRNA). B. Nuclease-deficient Cas9 (dCas9) is engineered by introducing mutations (H841A and D10A) into catalytic residues of the HNH and RuvC nuclease domains. dCas9 therefore becomes a universal RNA-guided DNA-binding protein. C. Summary of CRISPR–Cas9-based genome engineering applications. D. Summary of CRISPR–dCas9-based genome engineering applications. PAM, protospacer-adjacent motif.