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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2017 Apr 4;10(6):327–336. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-16-0295

Table 1. Study Population Characteristics of the Xuanwei Cohort Study (1976-2011).

Men Women

n=21701 n=20721
Age in 1976, years, Mean, SD 39.5 10.6 39 10.6
Birth Cohort, n, %
1917-1936 10285 47.4 9529 46
1937-1945 5710 47.4 5267 25.4
1946-1951 5706 47.4 5925 28.6
Ever Actively Smoked (≤ 1992), n, % 20010 47.4 61 0.3
Duration of Active Smoking, years, Mean, SD 31.1 47.4 - -
n=21686
Respondent, n, %
Self 12624 58.2 12519 60.4
Surrogate 9077 41.8 8202 39.6
Ethnicity, n, %
Han Chinese 21122 97.3 20116 97.1
Other 579 2.7 605 2.9
Education, n, %
Illiterate 11748 54.1 15885 76.7
Primary School 8073 37.2 4352 21
Middle/Vocational School or Higher 1880 8.7 484 2.3
Other work besides farming (≤ 1992), n, % 4816 22.2 1193 5.8
Ever worked as a miner (≤ 1992), n, % 1117 5.1 28 0.1
Age at which started cooking, years, Mean, SD 27.8 14.7 18.3 3.7
n=1836 n=20315
Average sleep duration (≤ 1992), hours/day, Mean, SD
21-30 years 8.3 0.8 8.3 0.7
n=21700 n=20721
31-40 years 8.1 0.7 8.1 0.7
n=21647 n=20684
41-50 years 8 0.7 8 0.7
n=21308 n=20419
51-60 years 7.9 0.8 7.9 0.8
n=12590 n=11527
61-70 years 7.8 1 7.8 1
n=6184 n=5698
≥71 years 7.7 1.2 7.7 1.2
n=1452 n=1275
Average time indoor activities (≤ 1992), hours/day, Mean, SD
21-30 years 3.3 1.3 3.5 1.3
n=21693 n=20721
31-40 years 3.4 1.3 3.6 1.3
n=21639 n=20682
41-50 years 3.5 1.3 3.7 1.3
n=21299 n=20415
51-60 years 3.7 1.3 3.9 1.4
n=12585 n=11525
61-70 years 3.9 1.4 4 1.4
n=6183 n=5693
≥71 years 4.2 1.5 4.3 1.5
n=1448 n=1273
Fuel type used in first residence (≤1992), n, %
Smoky Coal 14306 65.9 13153 63.5
Smokeless Coal 5447 25.1 4848 23.4
Coal Cakes and Others 1948 9 2720 13.1
Stove improvement (≤ 1992), n, % 12529 58 12186 59
Average tons of fuel used in residences (≤1992), Mean, SD 3.2 1.2 3.2 1.2
Average number people in residences (≤1992), Mean, SD 5.2 1.2 5.3 1.1
Average number of rooms in residences (≤1992), Mean, SD 1.7 0.8 1.7 0.8
Cases of Lung Cancer Death (1976-1991), n, % 1094 5 1064 5.1
Cases of Lung Cancer Death (1992-1993), n, % 164 0.8 153 0.7
Cases of Lung Cancer Death (1994-2011), n, % 1337 6.2 1017 4.9
Average Age of Death from Lung Cancer (1976-2011), Mean, SD 60 10.2 59.2 9.9
Family History of Any Cancer (≤ 1992), n, % 1023 4.7 710 3.4