Table 1.
Anthropometric and craniofacial patterning data from the white fragile X syndrome males matched for age with the mentally retarded white males without a cause of their retardation utilized in this study
| Variables | Fragile X (mean±SD) (N=31) | Non-fragile X (mean±SD) (N=31) | Matched t-test value (N=31) | Fragile X (mean±SD) (N=31) Adults only | Non-fragile X (mean±SD) (N=31) Adults only | Matched t-test value Adults only |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight (kg) | 54.5±25.2 | 44.9±23.0 | 1.57 | 66.6±11.2 | 62.0±18.1 | 0.59 |
| Height (cm) | 162.8 ±20.0 | 155.2±21.8 | 3.18b | 170.8±7.5 | 165.7±9.4 | 1.84 |
| Sitting height (cm) | 83.0±9.1 | 77.2±10.7 | 2.82a | 86.5±3.7 | 83.4±7.2 | 1.07 |
| Arm span (cm) | 161.7±2.1 | 156.2±21.5 | 2.07a | 170.3±8.6 | 166.1±9.7 | 1.45 |
| Head circumference (cm) | 55.9±2.9 | 53.9±2.9 | 2.95b | 57.1±1.8 | 54.4±2.7 | 3.43b |
| Head breatch (cm) | 14.9±0.8 | 14.3±0.8 | 3.19b | 15.1±0.6 | 14.4±0.8 | 3.06b |
| Head length (cm) | 19.2±1.2 | 18.6±1.1 | 2.04 | 19.6±0.7 | 18.8±1.1 | 2.40a |
| Face height (cm) | 18.2±1.5 | 17.5±2.2 | 1.34 | 19.0±1.0 | 18.7±1.5 | 0.36 |
| Lower face height (cm) | 11.8±1.4 | 11.5±1.4 | 2.42a | 12.4±1.2 | 11.7±1.1 | 1.79 |
| Min. frontal diameter (cm) | 10.5±0.6 | 10.7±0.7 | −0.89 | 10.8±0.5 | 11.1±0.5 | −0.75 |
| Bizygomatic diameter (cm) | 12.5±1.1 | 13.0±1.1 | −2.62a | 12.9±0.9 | 13.5±0.7 | −2.19a |
| Bigonial dia (cm) | 10.3±1.0 | 10.5±1.0 | −1.02 | 10.7±0.8 | 10.8±0.7 | −0.70 |
| Inner canthal distance (cm) | 2.9±0.3 | 3.1±0.3 | −2.06a | 2.9±0.3 | 3.1±0.3 | −1.78 |
| Outer canthal distance (cm) | 8.7±0.8 | 8.4±0.7 | 1.68 | 8.9±0.6 | 8.5±0.7 | 2.60a |
| Nose length (cm) | 4.5±0.7 | 4.5±0.9 | 0.40 | 5.0±0.5 | 5.2±0.7 | −0.53 |
| Nose breadth (cm) | 3.5±0.3 | 3.5±0.5 | 0.00 | 3.6±0.4 | 3.8±0.4 | −1.39 |
| Ear length (cm) | 7.0±0.7 | 6.6±0.8 | 2.38a | 7.2±0.6 | 6.9±0.7 | 1.88 |
| Ear width (cm) | 4.3±0.5 | 3.6±0.4 | 7.08c | 4.4±0.5 | 3.7±0.4 | 7.15c |
| Knee-buttock length (cm) | 51.8±9.8 | 48.7±10.0 | 1.77 | 56.1±2.2 | 54.8±5.9 | 0.50 |
| Shoulder-elbow length (cm) | 32.6±5.8 | 32.2±6.8 | 0.30 | 34.8±1.5 | 37.1±2.2 | −1.99 |
| Wrist breadth (cm) | 5.2±0.7 | 4.9±0.8 | 1.86 | 5.5±0.4 | 4.9±0.5 | 0.62 |
| Hand breadth (cm) | 7.8±1.1 | 7.1±1.1 | 3.70b | 8.3±0.7 | 7.8±0.7 | 2.42a |
| Middle finger length (cm) | 7.6±0.9 | 7.2±0.9 | 3.23b | 7.9±0.4 | 7.6±0.6 | 2.34a |
| Hand length (cm) | 17.5±2.1 | 16.9±2.2 | 2.07a | 18.3±1.0 | 17.9±1.2 | 1.16 |
| Palm length (cm) | 10.0±1.2 | 9.8±1.6 | 1.48 | 10.5±0.7 | 10.4±0.7 | 2.00 |
| Elbow-fingertip length (cm) | 41.3±7.0 | 39.4±7.9 | 1.80 | 44.8±1.7 | 45.4±2.5 | −1.06 |
| Elbow-wrist length (cm) | 25.8±5.8 | 24.5±5.0 | 0.91 | 28.9±4.6 | 27.7±2.5 | 0.45 |
| Ankle breadth (cm) | 6.8 ±0.7 | 6.4±1.0 | 1.98 | 7.0±0.3 | 6.8±0.7 | 0.67 |
| Foot length (cm) | 24.5±2.9 | 22.8±2.7 | 4.31c | 25.6±1.6 | 23.9±1.4 | 3.76c |
| Foot breadth (cm) | 9.3±1.4 | 8.0±1.1 | 5.39c | 9.8±1.0 | 8.3±0.9 | 5.46c |
| Triceps skinfold (cm) | 13.6±7.0 | 10.5±4.5 | 1.05 | 15.0±6.5 | 9.8±5.9 | 1.24 |
| Subscapular skinfold (cm) | 13.9±6.9 | 10.6±5.8 | 1.11 | 14.4±4.3 | 12.3±7.0 | 0.59 |
| Testicular volume (ml) | 44.1±26.8 | 23.3±16.3 | 3.90c | 50.8±25.2 | 28.0±15.5 | 3.39c |
| Cephalic index | 77.5±3.0 | 76.6±3.5 | 1.03 | 77.1±3.1 | 76.6±3.4 | 0.48 |
a
p<0.05 (two-tailed).
b
p<0.01 (two-tailed).
c
p< 0.001 (two-tailed).