. 2017 Jun 8;12(6):e0178742. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178742

Table 2. Factors associated with presence of cancer pain.

				TOTAL (N = 402)		EXISTENCE OF CANCER PAIN
				TOTAL (N = 402)		No (N = 328)		Yes (N = 74)
				N	%	N	%	N	%	p
Any psychotropic use
	No			321	79.9	277	84.5	44	59.5	<0.001^*
	Yes			81	20.2	51	15.5	30	40.5	<0.001^*
Anxiolytic use
	No			334	83.1	284	86.6	50	67.6	<0.001^*
	Yes			68	16.9	44	13.4	24	32.4	<0.001^*
Type of anxiolytic
	Long-acting benzodiazepines			22	32.4	18	40.9	4	16.7	0.041^*
	Short-acting benzodiazepines			46	67.7	26	59.1	20	83.3	0.041^*
Hypnotic use
	No			384	95.5	319	97.3	65	87.8	0.004^***
	Yes			18	4.5	9	2.7	9	12.2	0.004^***
Type of hypnotic
	Benzodiazepines			9	50.0	5	55.6	4	44.4	>0.005^****
	Other			9	50.0	4	44.4	5	55.6	>0.005^****
Antidepressant use
	No			385	95.8	314	95.7	71	96.0	0.934^*
	Yes			17	4.2	14	4.3	3	4.1	0.934^*
Type of antidepresant
	SSRIs ^a			17	100.0	14	100.0	3	100.0
Potential confounders
	Gender
		Female		231	57.5	197	60.1	34	46.0	0.027^*
		Male		171	42.5	131	39.9	40	54.1	0.027^*
	Age (year), mean [SD] ^b			61.17	[13.14]	61.14	[13.50]	61.30	[11.53]	0.845^**
	Marital status
		Married		276	77.7	229	79.5	47	70.1	0.150^*
		Single		50	14.1	40	13.9	10	14.9
		Divorced/Separated		11	3.0	7	2.4	4	6.0
		Widowed		18	5.1	12	4.2	6	9.0
		Missing		47	11.7	40	12.2	7	9.5
	Children
		No		88	24.8	69	24.0	19	28.4
		Yes		267	75.2	219	76.0	48	71.6	0.457^*
		Missing		47	11.7	40	12.2	7	9.5
	Number of children, mean [SD] ^b			1.83	[1.01]	1.82	[1.04]	1.90	[0.93]	0.437^**
	Educational level
		Primary		202	57.5	166	58.2	36	54.5	0.410^*
		Secondary		80	22.8	61	21.4	19	28.8
		University		69	19.7	58	20.4	11	16.7
		Missing		51	12.7	43	13.1	8	10.8
	Type of cancer (location)
		Breast		111	27.6	98	29.9	13	17.6	<0.001^*
		Rectal		64	15.9	56	17.1	8	10.8
		Lung		37	9.2	21	6.4	16	21.6
		B-cell lymphoma		30	7.5	27	8.2	3	4.1
		Ovary		14	3.5	12	3.7	2	2.7
		Other		146	36.3	114	34.8	32	43.2
	Cancer therapy
		Chemotherapy
			No	37	9.2	32	9.8	5	6.8	0.420^*
			Yes	365	90.8	296	90.2	69	93.2	0.420^*
		Radiotherapy
			No	224	55.7	190	57.9	34	45.9	0.061^*
			Yes	178	44.3	138	42.1	40	54.1	0.061^*
		Hormone therapy
			No	346	86.1	277	84.5	69	93.2	0.048^*
			Yes	56	13.9	51	15.5	5	6.8	0.048^*
		Biological therapy
			No	278	69.2	226	68.9	52	70.3	0.818^*
			Yes	124	30.8	102	31.1	22	29.7	0.818^*
		Surgery
			No	212	52.7	167	50,9	45	60.8	0.124^*
			Yes	190	47.3	161	49.1	29	39.2	0.124^*
	Side effects of cancer treatment
		No		83	20.6	79	24.1	4	5.4	<0.001^*
		Yes		319	79.4	249	75.9	70	94.6	<0.001^*
	Analgesic
		No		330	82,1	328	100	2	2.7	<0.001^*
		Yes		72	17.9	0	0	72	97.3	<0.001^*
	Effectiveness of analgesia
		Adequate pain control		33	45.8	0	0	33	45.8
		Inadequate pain control		39	54.2	0	0	39	54.2
	Fatigue
		No		206	51.2	165	50.30	41	55.4	0.507^*
		Yes		196	48.8	163	49.69	33	44.6	0.507^*

^a SSRIs: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

^b Standard deviation

*Compared using chi-square test

**Compared using Wilcoxon two-sample test

***Compared using LR chi-square test

****Compared using Fisher exact test