Table 5. Sample characteristics and variation across five opioid overdose risk groups.

Characteristic	Percentage (or Mean) by Risk Group
	Lower Risk	Occasional Non-adherents	Frequent Non-adherents	Occasional Heroin Users	Frequent Heroin Users
Female*	22	21	6	3	0
Black**	82	66	69	53	47
Hispanic	17	23	13	27	33
Age (mean)	37.1	35.1	35.7	39.6	38.8
Stable housing**	56	56	56	30	13
Any college	59	65	73	45	40
Employed or in school**	50	23	38	15	14
Living with partner	20	19	19	12	13
Active duty	82	65	88	85	93
Honorable discharge	72	65	38	67	67
Alcohol use disorder**	49	78	67	67	80
PO use disorder**	32	70	88	54	87
Heroin use disorder**	11	12	0	49	80
MH treatment ever**	37	74	81	76	80
Alcohol treatment ever*	15	28	38	39	36
Drug treatment ever**	21	30	44	64	43
PTSD treatment ever**	21	53	38	36	47
TBI treatment ever	9	9	6	6	7
Depression treatment ever**	33	70	62	67	73
Sleep treatment ever**	27	58	44	52	47
Anxiety treatment ever**	25	67	50	52	60
MH treatment in past month**	21	51	12	27	33
Pain severity (mean)**	4.7	5.8	5.9	4.8	6.5
Pain interference (mean)**	3.8	5.4	5.9	4.2	5.9
Perceived stress (mean)	8.4	7.2	7.4	8.2	7.0
Resilience (mean)*	71.8	68.6	64.4	64.9	58.5
Satisfaction with life (mean)**	15.0	12.9	10.3	11.8	11.9

* Difference across groups significant at the α = .05 level.

**Difference across groups significant at the α = .01 level.