. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 8.

Published in final edited form as: Clin Exp Neuroimmunol. 2016 Oct 25;7(4):330–345. doi: 10.1111/cen3.12341

Table 2.

Possible roles of T helper cell subsets and natural killer T cells in myocarditis

	Th1	Th2	Th17	NKT
Cytokines	IFN-γ	IL-4, IL-10	IL-17	IL-4, IFN-γ
Human cases	Cardiac damage	Recovery	No role	?
CVB model	Protective	Inflammation	Inflammation	No role or Anti-viral
TMEV model	Detrimental	Protective	No role	Protective
Mutant mice^†	T-bet Tg	GATA3 Tg	RORγt Tg	Jα18 KO

CVB, coxsackievirus B; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TMEV, Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus.

^†

Transgenic (Tg) and knockout (KO) mice used for myocarditis research. Protective role in italics. Detrimental role with bold. T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet) Tg, GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3) Tg and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-γt (RORγt) Tg mice have increased numbers of T helper (Th)1, Th2, and Th17 cells, respectively, whereas Jα18KO mice are deficient in natural killer T (NKT) cells.