Table 11.

P-values of permutation tests for W&S stores in the low-SES neighborhoods

For the entire stores in the low SES neighborhoods (N=213,363) (15 treatment and 50 control groups)
	Total crime	Violent crime	Property crime	Misdemeanor
(1) Within 1/8-mile radius	p = 0.000 (***)	p = 0.034 (*)	p = 0.000 (***)	p = 0.000 (***)
(2) Between 1/8- and 1/4-mile radii	p = 0.012 (*)	p = 0.720	p = 0.007 (***)	p = 0.000 (**)
(3) Between 1/4- and 1/2-mile radii	p = 0.124	p = 0.413	p = 0.046 (*)	p = 0.163
For the reduced stores in the low SES neighborhoods (N=97,147) (2 treatment and 17 control groups)
	Total crime	Violent crime	Property crime	Misdemeanor
(1) Within 1/8-mile radius	p = 0.000 (***)	p = 0.081	p = 0.122	p = 0.038 (*)
(2) Between 1/8- and 1/4-mile radii	p = 0.284	p = 0.363	p = 0.319	p = 0.041 (*)
(3) Between 1/4- and 1/2-mile radii	p = 0.806	p = 0.440	p = 0.488	p = 0.961

Note: Values in cells indicate proportions of the shuffled DDD regression coefficients whose absolute values were greater than the absolute values of our estimated DDD coefficient, which means the two-tailed p-values of the permutation tests. For the statistical significance,

^*p<0.05;

^**p<0.01;

^***p<0.001.