Table 1. Transcriptional cofactors of β-catenin.

Transcriptional cofactors	Negative or positive regulators	Binding site in β-catenin	Mechanisms
TCF family [61]	Positive	Arm3-8 repeats	Binds to promoters of target genes.
P300/CBP [62]	Positive	C-terminus	Acetylates histone H3 to promote transcription; acetylates β-catenin to enhance the interaction between β-catenin and TCF4.
Brg-1 [64]	Positive	Unknown	Facilitating chromatin remodeling as a prerequisite for efficient transcriptional activation.
Pontin52/CBP [67]	Positive	Unknown	Binds with TBP and β-catenin to promote transcription.
Reptin52/TIP49 [67]	Negative	Unknown	Plays opposite roles compared to Pontin52/TBP.
BCL9 [68]	Positive	Arm 1 repeat	Acts as an adaptor linking Pygopus to the nuclear β-catenin-TCF complex to promote transcription.
Mllt/Af10-Dot1 [70]	Positive	C-terminus	Essential for transcription elongation.
p68/p72 [71]	Positive	Arm 3-8 repeats	Binds to promoters of target genes.
SOX10 [72]	Positive	Unknown	Forms a ternary complex with TCF4 and β-catenin.
βTrCp1/Fbw1a [73]	Positive	Interacts with P300	Interacts with p300 and β-catenin, and co-localizes to the promoters of β-catenin targets.
FOXOM1 [123]	Positive	Arm 11-12 repeats	Forms a ternary complex with TCF4 and β-catenin.
Yes-associated protein 1 [7]	Positive	Unknown	Forms a ternary complex with TBX5 and β-catenin.