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. 2017 Jun 10;8(3):230–240. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v8.i3.230

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©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

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Immunotherapy basics. Anti-PD-L1 inhibit PD-L1 (programmed cell death-ligand 1) binding to PD-1 (Programmed cell death protein-1). Anti-PD-1 inhibit PD-1 on T-cell that binds to PD-L1 or PD-L2 (programmed cell death ligand-2) on APC (antigen presenting cell). Anti-CTLA-4 (anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4) inhibit CD28 (cluster differentiation 28) on T cell that binds to B7-1 or B7-2 (ligand of CD28) on APC.