Table 1.

Potential biomarkers in the pancreatic juice and bile of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Body fluid	Biomarker
Pancreatic ductal fluid	CA 19-9
	CEA
	K-ras
	p53 mutations
	DNA methylation alterations
	Mitochondrial DNA mutations
	S100 calcium-binding protein P (S100P)
	Human telomerase reverse transcriptase
	Matrix metalloproteinase-9
	Oncogene DJ1
	Alpha-1B-glycoprotein precursor
	MicroRNA- miR-205, miR-210
	Adnab-9
	S100A8 or A9
	Mucins MUC1, 2, 5AC, 5B, 6 and 13
Bile	CEA
	Mac-2-binding protein
	MUC4
	Vascular endothelial growth factor

CA 19-9: Cancer antigen 19-9; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.