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. 2017 Jun 8;7:3063. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03544-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Laboratory-selected WCR confirm similar mode of action of AfIP-1A/1B to Cry34/35 but not to mCry3A. Injury from larval feeding to AfIP-1A/1B maize events by Cry34/35- and mCry3A- selected WCR populations was visually assessed using the 0–3 Iowa State node-injury scale²⁰. Means and 95% confidence intervals followed by different letters within insect populations differed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by using a linear mixed model.