Table 2. Etiology of urinothorax.

Etiology	n
Obstructive urinothorax	21
Prostate disease	6
Right hydronephrosis with probable obstruction of the left renal vein	1
Bladder cancer or metastatic involvement	6
Urethral valves	4
Gravid uterus	1
Supernumerary kidney	1
Retroperitoneal fibrosis	1
Renal cyst	1
Traumatic urinothorax	66
Surgical injury	16
Blunt trauma	9
Attempted percutaneous nephrostomy	8
Acute obstruction secondary to renal calculi with hydronephrosis	12
Lithotripsy for renal calculi	5
Renal transplantation	5
Lithotomy	8
Transurethral drainage	1
Ureteroscopy	1
Radiofrequency ablation	1
Not recorded	1
Total	88