Detection of HDV recombinants by use of genotype-specific primers. cDNAs generated with genotype I- or IIb-specific primers served as the templates for subsequent PCRs with recombinant-specific primer pairs. The PCR products were cleaved with XhoI, separated on 3% agarose gels, and stained with ethidium bromide. The observed 5′-IIb-I-3′ recombinant contains one XhoI site (nt 971), whereas the 5′-I-IIb-3′ recombinant lacks a XhoI site. Lanes: M, 100-bp-ladder molecular size markers (the dominant band is 500 bp in size); 1 and 2, undigested PCR products of mixture of in vitro-transcribed genotype I and IIb RNA by use of primer pairs I5′-1-IIb3′-1 and IIb5′-1-I3′-1, respectively; 3 and 6, undigested PCR products obtained from the HDV patient with primer pairs I5′-1-IIb3′-1 and IIb5′-1-I3′-2, respectively; 4 and 5, digested PCR products obtained from the HDV patient with primer pairs I5′-1-IIb3′-1 and IIb5′-1-I3′-2, respectively.