Table 2.
Complications and side effects associated with IUD insertion and tubal sterilization over time
| Copper IUD | LNG IUD | Tubal Sterilization | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Complications/Side Effect | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) |
| Amenorrhea (ICD-9 626.0) | |||
| Total (2006–2011) | 2385 (8.99)ab | 9077 (7.53)ac | 7050 (11.67)bc |
| 2006 | 308 (8.92) | 941 (7.82) | 1638 (11.00) |
| 2007 | 381 (10.02) | 1278 (7.61) | 1614 (10.93) |
| 2008 | 412 (9.21) | 1873 (7.72) | 1700 (11.59) |
| 2009 | 448 (9.20) | 1845 (7.44) | 1658 (11.14) |
| 2010 | 452 (8.62) | 1518 (7.36) | 1429 (10.73) |
| 2011 | 384 (8.20) | 1622 (7.36) | 1371 (10.92) |
| P Value | 0.0775 | 0.4191 | 0.2768 |
| Anemia (ICD-9 280.xx) | |||
| Total (2006–2011) | 595 (2.24)b | 2832 (2.35)c | 2003 (3.32)bc |
| 2006 | 67 (1.94) | 279 (2.32) | 435 (2.92) |
| 2007 | 78 (2.05) | 386 (2.30) | 433 (2.93) |
| 2008 | 106 (2.37) | 538 (2.22) | 492 (3.35) |
| 2009 | 119 (2.44) | 600 (2.42) | 513 (3.45) |
| 2010 | 135 (2.57) | 512 (2.48) | 481 (3.61) |
| 2011 | 90 (1.92) | 517 (2.35) | 469 (3.73) |
| P Value | 0.1496 | 0.5243 | 0.0001 |
| Dysmenorrhea (ICD-9 625.3) | |||
| Total (2006–2011) | 733 (2.76)ab | 3909 (3.24)ac | 2491 (4.12)bc |
| 2006 | 90 (2.61) | 378 (3.14) | 587 (3.94) |
| 2007 | 85 (2.50) | 566 (3.37) | 591 (4.00) |
| 2008 | 132 (2.95) | 723 (2.98) | 598 (4.08) |
| 2009 | 139 (2.86) | 807 (3.25) | 647 (4.35) |
| 2010 | 137 (2.61) | 692 (3.35) | 649 (4.87) |
| 2011 | 140 (2.99) | 743 (3.37) | 606 (4.82) |
| P Value | 0.6388 | 0.1234 | <0.0001 |
| Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (ICD-9 626.2) | |||
| Total (2006–2011) | 1370 (5.16)ab | 10 204 (8.46)ac | 7328 (12.13)bc |
| 2006 | 204 (5.91) | 1048 (8.71) | 1687 (11.33) |
| 2007 | 198 (5.21) | 1406 (8.37) | 1750 (11.85) |
| 2008 | 224 (5.01) | 1846 (7.60) | 1922 (13.10) |
| 2009 | 256 (5.26) | 1992 (8.03) | 2045 (13.74) |
| 2010 | 261 (4.98) | 1881 (9.11) | 2006 (15.07) |
| 2011 | 227 (4.85) | 2031 (9.22) | 1971 (15.69) |
| P Value | 0.3527 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Infection (ICD-9 998.5x) | |||
| Total (2006–2011) | 15 (0.06) | 88 (0.07)c | 18 (0.03)c |
| 2006 | 4 (0.12) | 12 (0.10) | 2 (0.01) |
| 2007 | 1(0.03) | 14 (0.08) | 2 (0.01) |
| 2008 | 6 (0.13) | 15 (0.06) | 7 (0.05) |
| 2009 | 2 (0.04) | 25 (0.10) | 4 (0.03) |
| 2010 | 0 (0.00) | 14 (0.07) | 4 (0.03) |
| 2011 | 2 (0.04) | 8 (0.04) | 5 (0.04) |
| P Value | 0.0543 | 0.1255 | 0.4301 |
| Menorrhagia (ICD-9 627.0) | |||
| Total (2006–2011) | 53 (0.20)ab | 528 (0.44)ac | 410 (0.68)bc |
| 2006 | 12 (0.35) | 48 (0.40) | 88 (0.59) |
| 2007 | 6 (0.16) | 58 (0.35) | 94 (0.64) |
| 2008 | 11 (0.25) | 84 (0.35) | 92 (0.63) |
| 2009 | 12 (0.25) | 89 (0.36) | 119 (0.80) |
| 2010 | 8 (0.15) | 121 (0.59) | 121 (0.91) |
| 2011 | 4 (0.09) | 128 (0.58) | 126 (1.00) |
| P Value | 0.1181 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Ovarian Cyst (ICD-9 620.2) | |||
| Total (2006–2011) | 1157 (4.36)ab | 6340 (5.26)ac | 4324 (7.16)bc |
| 2006 | 140 (4.05) | 539 (4.48) | 1045 (7.02) |
| 2007 | 155 (4.08) | 786 (4.68) | 990 (6.70) |
| 2008 | 211 (4.72) | 1268 (5.22) | 1076 (7.34) |
| 2009 | 209 (4.29) | 1400 (5.64) | 1039 (6.98) |
| 2010 | 223 (4.25) | 1142 (5.53) | 1003 (7.53) |
| 2011 | 219 (4.68) | 1205 (5.47) | 910 (7.25) |
| P Value | 0.5197 | <0.0001 | 0.0975 |
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (ICD-9 614.xx–616.xx) | |||
| Total (2006–2011) | 5053 (19.05)ab | 19 063 (15.81)ac | 11 162 (18.48)bc |
| 2006 | 13 (0.38) | 40 (0.33) | 64 (0.43) |
| 2007 | 12 (0.32) | 53 (0.32) | 66 (0.45) |
| 2008 | 23 (0.51) | 74 (0.30) | 69 (0.47) |
| 2009 | 15 (0.31) | 60 (0.24) | 54 (0.37) |
| 2010 | 12 (0.23) | 49 (0.24) | 41 (0.31) |
| 2011 | 18 (0.38) | 58 (0.26) | 25 (0.20) |
| P Value | 0.282 | 0.3727 | 0.02 |
| Pelvic Pain (ICD-9 625.9, 789.00) | |||
| Total (2006–2011) | 3222 (12.15)ab | 13 891 (11.52)ac | 8323 (13.78)bc |
| 2006 | 384 (11.12) | 1395 (11.60) | 1987 (13.35) |
| 2007 | 466 (12.25) | 1915 (11.41) | 1997 (13.52) |
| 2008 | 519 (11.60) | 2729 (11.24) | 1976 (13.47) |
| 2009 | 627 (12.88) | 2897 (11.68) | 2117 (14.23) |
| 2010 | 661 (12.60) | 2419 (11.72) | 1881 (14.13) |
| 2011 | 565 (12.07) | 2536 (11.51) | 1792 (14.27) |
| P Value | 0.1449 | 0.617 | 0.0593 |
| Perforation of Uterine Wall (ICD-9 621.8, 665.3) | |||
| Total (2006–2011) | 412 (1.55)ab | 1558 (1.29)ac | 387 (0.64)bc |
| 2006 | 40 (1.16) | 142 (1.18) | 57 (0.38) |
| 2007 | 51 (1.34) | 176 (1.05) | 76 (0.51) |
| 2008 | 48 (1.07) | 301 (1.24) | 91 (0.62) |
| 2009 | 88 (1.81) | 319 (1.29) | 119 (0.80) |
| 2010 | 98 (1.87) | 307 (1.49) | 103 (0.77) |
| 2011 | 87 (1.86) | 313 (1.42) | 109 (0.87) |
| P Value | 0.0014 | 0.0023 | <0.0001 |
abcChi square pairwise comparisons between groups with the same superscript, P < 0.05. The pairwise comparisons were done for the total for each complication/side effect across years 2006–2011 and not for the individual years