Figure 11.

GNE and glucose each alter N-linked glycan structure. GNE deficiency causes decreased sialylation and high glucose results in higher levels of UDP-GlcNAc. These two changes additively affect N-linked glycan structure, resulting in less sialylation, more branching, and more polyLacNAc extension. Although all conditions result in heterogeneous mixtures of N-linked glycans, the schematics depict a representative glycan structure that might be expected to be abundant under the indicated set of conditions.