FIG. 10.

Simplified scheme of IL-2 promoter and the signaling pathways involved in its regulation. The targets for artificial inducers and inhibitors used in this study are indicated along with the targets affected by HCV C (arrows pointing up- or downwards). The composite distal NFAT/AP-1 and CD28RE/AP-1 elements are indicated by gray boxes. Notably, the effects on MAP kinase phosphorylation were likely downstream consequences of C-induced Ca²⁺ flux, since these perturbations could be eliminated by a cyclosporine A treatment. For further details, see the text. DAG, diacylglycerol; PLC-γ, phospholipase C-γ₁; PTKs, protein tyrosine kinases.