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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 12.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Host Microbe. 2017 Mar 30;21(4):530–537.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.03.003

Figure 1. SCFA are present in the lungs of HIV-infected individuals on ART; inhibiting IFN-γ and IL-17A production after M. tuberculosis antigen stimulation.

Figure 1

A. Acetate (open triangles), Propionate (closed circles) and butyrate (open boxes) are present in BAL. Concentrations are corrected for BAL induced dilution of epithelial lining fluid (ELF). Propionate is significantly elevated in HIV-infected subjects, Mann–Whitney U test. B. In HIV infected individuals with paired samples, ELF SCFA is higher than serum in all subjects, with a median ratio of 370. C. Addition of PPD to BAL cells demonstrates induction of FoxP3 CD4+ cells significantly correlates with in vivo ELF acetate or propionate at the time of bronchoscopy, Spearman correlation.