Table 3.
Association of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) levels with all-cause mortality
| Unadjusted |
Case mix adjusted |
Case mix + BMI + nPCR adjusted |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p valuea | HR (95% CI) | p valueb | HR (95% CI) | p valueb | |
| Categorical GDF15 analyses | ||||||
| GDF15 tertile 1 (<4.21 ng/mL) | 1 (Ref.) | N/A | 1 (Ref.) | N/A | 1 (Ref.) | N/A |
| GDF15 tertile 2 (4.21 to <6.13 ng/mL) | 1.94 (0.77–4.86) | 0.16 | 1.40 (0.54–3.59) | 0.49 | 1.57 (0.60–4.10) | 0.36 |
| GDF15 tertile 3 (≥6.13 ng/mL) | 3.19 (1.35–7.55) | 0.008 | 2.45 (1.00–6.00) | 0.05 | 2.62 (1.03–6.63) | 0.04 |
| Continuous GDF15 analyses | ||||||
| GDF15 by 1.0 ng/mL | 1.18 (1.11–1.26) | <0.001 | 1.17 (1.09–1.26) | <0.001 | 1.18 (1.10–1.27) | <0.001 |
| GDF15 by 4.0 ng/mL | 1.96 (1.51–2.55) | <0.001 | 1.90 (1.43–2.52) | <0.001 | 1.92 (1.44–2.57) | <0.001 |
Case mix-adjusted models adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, diabetes, and dialysis vintage. BMI, body mass index; nPCR, normalized protein catabolic rate. a p for trend = 0.006. b p for trend = 0.03.