Table 7.
Studies concerning the use of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injection therapy in Raynaud disease and phenomenon
| First author [Ref.], year | Type of study | n | BoNT-A doses/hand | Follow-up | Retreatment | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motegi [93], 2016 | Prospective, case series | 10 | 10 U/finger | 16 weeks | No | Improved (pain, DU, skin temperature) |
| Uppal [94], 2014 | Prospective | 20 | 100 U | 6 months | No | Improved (pain with VAS, DU) |
| Jenkins [91], 2013 | RCT pilot; doubleblind; placebo | 8 | 40 U | – | No | Increase in digital pulp temperature |
| Smith [95], 2012 | Case report | 1 | 100 U | – | No | Patient reported improvement in pain and DU |
| Neumeister [96], 2010 Neumeister [90], 2009 |
Retrospective case series | 33 | 50 U | 1 – 6 years | Yes (21%) | 100% of DU healed, relief in 85% of patients |
| Fregene [92], 2009 | Retrospective case series | 26 | 20 ' 100 U | 18 months | Yes (20%) | 48% of DU healed, 35% pain reduction (VAS) |
| Kossintseva [97], 2008 | Case report | 1 | 100 U | 12 months | No | Pain decreased, DU not reported |
| Van Beek [89], 2007 | Retrospective case series | 11 | 50 ' 200 U | 9.6 months | Yes (45%) | 100% decrease in pain (VAS), 82% of DU healed |
| Sycha [88], 2004 | Pilot to RCT, case report | 2 | 12 ' 300 U | – | No | 37% pain reduced in 1 patient (VAS), other unknown |
RCT, randomized controlled trial; DU, digital ulcer; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.