Table 2.
Summary of studies investigating the use of SBRT for hepatic oligometastases; all BED calculations are based on an assumed α/β = 10 for the metastatic tumor
| Author, year | Study design | No. patients No. with CRC | No. liver metastases No. from CRC | SBRT dose and fractionation | BED, Gy | Local control outcomes, % | Survival outcomes, % | Grade 3 or greater toxicity, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Herfarth et al. [43], 2001 | phase I/II | 37 (4 PLC) | 56 | 14–26 Gy × 1 | 34–94 | 67 (18 mos; 45 for CRC, | 72 (1 yr) | 0 |
| NR | 30 | 91 for all others) | ||||||
| Wulf et al. [44], 2006 | retrospective | 39 | 51 | (1) 26 Gy × 1; | (1) 94; | (1) 100 (1 yr); 86 (2 yrs); | 72 (1 yr); | 0 |
| NR | 23 | (2) 12–12.5 × 3; | (2) 79–84; | (2) 100 (1 yr); 86 (2 yrs); | 32 (2 yrs) | |||
| (3) 7–10 Gy × 3–4 | (3) 48–60 | (3) 86 (1 yr); 58 (2 yrs) | ||||||
| Méndez Romero et al. [45], 2006 | phase I/II | 25 (8 PLC) | 34 | 12.5 Gy × 3 | 84 | 100 (1 yr); | 85 (1 yr); | 24 |
| 15 | 28 | 86 (2 yrs) | 62 (2 yrs) | |||||
| Katz et al. [46], 2007 | retrospective | 69 | 174 | 5 Gy × 10; other (30–55 Gy in fraction sizes of 2–6 Gy) | 75 (variable) | 76 (10 mos); | 78 (10 mos); | 0 |
| 20 | NR | 57 (20 mos) | 37 (20 mos) | |||||
| Lee et al. [47], 2009 | phase I | 68 | 143 | 4.7–10 Gy × 6 | 41–120 | 71 (1 yr) | 63 (1 yr) | 13 |
| 40 | NR | |||||||
| Rusthoven et al. [48], 2009 | phase I/II | 47 | 63 | 12–20 Gy × 3 | 79–180 | 95 (1 yr); | 30 (2 yrs; all); | 2 |
| 15 | 20 | 92 (2 yrs) | 60 (2 yrs; for favorable histology including CRC) | |||||
| Vautravers-Dewas et al. [49], 2011 | retrospective | 42 | 62 | 15 Gy × 3 | 80–113 | 90 (1 yr); | 94 (1 yr); | 2.4 |
| NR | 30 | 10 Gy × 4 | 86 (2 yrs) | 48 (2 yrs; note 58% for CRC) | ||||
| Rule et al. [50], 2011 | phase I | 27 | 37 | (1) 12 Gy × 5; | 60–132 | (1) 100 (2 yrs); | 50–67 (2 yr) | 0 |
| NR | 16 | (2) 10 Gy × 5; | (2) 89 (2 yrs); | |||||
| (3) 10 Gy × 3 | (3) 56 (2 yrs) | |||||||
| Scorsetti et al. [51], 2015 | phase II | 42 | 52 | 25 Gy × 3 | 263 | 91 (2 yrs) | 65 (2 yrs) | 0 |
| 42 | 52 | |||||||
| Goodman et al. [52], 2016 | retrospective | 81 | 106 | 10.8–18 × 3–5 | 112–151 | 96 (1 yr); | 90 (1 yr); | 4.9 |
| NR | 71 | 91 (4 yrs) | 69 (2 yrs); | |||||
| 44 (3 yrs); | ||||||||
| 28 (4 yrs) | ||||||||
SBRT = Stereotactic body radiation therapy; BED = biological effective dose; Gy = Gray; PLC = primary liver cancer; yr = year; yrs = years; mos = months; NR = not reported; CRC = colorectal cancer.