Table 1.
Basic and dietary characteristics of young, middle-aged and older Japanese women
(Mean values and standard deviations)
| Young (n 3963) | Middle-aged (n 3800) | Older (n 2211) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | |
| Age (years) | 18 | 0 | 47·7 | 3·9 | 74·4 | 5·2 |
| Body height (cm) | 157·7 | 5·3 | 157·3 | 5·1 | 150·4 | 5·5 |
| Body weight (kg) | 52·0 | 7·8 | 54·5 | 8·2 | 51·6 | 7·9 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20·9 | 2·8 | 22·0 | 3·1 | 22·8 | 3·2 |
| EI (kJ/d) | 7242 | 2399 | 7717 | 2231 | 7362 | 2275 |
| EI:BMR | 1·47 | 0·50 | 1·66 | 0·49 | 1·86 | 0·61 |
| Food intake (g/4184 kJ) | ||||||
| White rice | 151·0 | 79·9 | 134·8 | 72·1 | 165·1 | 69·7 |
| Other grains* | 17·0 | 49·6 | 15·7 | 46·0 | – | – |
| Noodles | 35·0 | 33·6 | 32·9 | 28·9 | 30·4 | 23·9 |
| Bread | 18·3 | 16·6 | 19·0 | 16·3 | 21·0 | 16·3 |
| Other grain products* | 6·7 | 8·3 | 6·2 | 8·1 | – | – |
| Pulses | 22·9 | 29·0 | 28·3 | 27·7 | 46·9 | 25·7 |
| Nuts* | 0·7 | 1·6 | 1·1 | 2·3 | – | – |
| Potatoes | 15·4 | 11·7 | 16·4 | 12·4 | 32·8 | 24·2 |
| Sugar and confectioneries | 54·3 | 27·2 | 47·7 | 22·6 | 41·2 | 25·2 |
| Fruit | 38·2 | 43·9 | 36·9 | 35·5 | 62·8 | 43·4 |
| Total vegetables | 124·3 | 79·9 | 133·9 | 70·3 | 181·8 | 81·6 |
| Alcoholic beverages | 1·2 | 15·0 | 48·5 | 111·7 | 9·8 | 46·1 |
| Soft drinks | 50·8 | 89·3 | 28·8 | 62·9 | 12·8 | 52·1 |
| Fish and shellfish | 25·4 | 16·2 | 30·7 | 16·1 | 58·9 | 31·3 |
| Meat | 36·8 | 19·3 | 36·4 | 17·9 | 32·1 | 18·0 |
| Eggs | 21·0 | 16·9 | 18·4 | 12·2 | 20·2 | 12·7 |
| Dairy products | 58·9 | 67·3 | 69·3 | 64·3 | 69·0 | 55·8 |
| Seasonings | 9·2 | 7·0 | 10·0 | 7·1 | 2·8 | 0·7 |
| Nutrient intake | ||||||
| Protein (% energy) | 13·0 | 2·2 | 13·7 | 2·0 | 16·9 | 3·2 |
| Total fat (% energy) | 29·4 | 6·3 | 29·1 | 5·9 | 25·7 | 5·1 |
| Saturated fat (% energy) | 8·3 | 2·3 | 8·0 | 2·0 | 6·7 | 1·6 |
| Monounsaturated fat (% energy) | 10·4 | 2·7 | 10·4 | 2·5 | 8·9 | 2·0 |
| Polyunsaturated fat (% energy) | 6·5 | 1·6 | 6·7 | 1·5 | 6·4 | 1·4 |
| Carbohydrate (% energy) | 56·3 | 7·3 | 54·2 | 7·1 | 55·9 | 7·4 |
| Alcohol (% energy) | 0·1 | 0·7 | 1·8 | 4·1 | 0·5 | 2·3 |
| Dietary fibre (g/4184 kJ) | 6·2 | 2·0 | 6·7 | 2·0 | 8·0 | 2·2 |
| Cholesterol (mg/4184 kJ) | 171 | 75 | 165 | 57 | 231 | 76 |
| Na (mg/4184 kJ) | 2134 | 639 | 2279 | 618 | 2558 | 526 |
| K (mg/4184 kJ) | 1030 | 280 | 1194 | 276 | 1631 | 399 |
| Ca (mg/4184 kJ) | 246 | 94 | 267 | 93 | 367 | 112 |
| Mg (mg/4184 kJ) | 113 | 28 | 131 | 27 | 159 | 33 |
| Fe (mg/4184 kJ) | 3·6 | 0·9 | 3·7 | 0·9 | 5·1 | 1·2 |
| Vitamin A (μg/4184 kJ)† | 271 | 206 | 288 | 185 | 476 | 258 |
| Vitamin E (mg/4184 kJ)‡ | 4·1 | 1·2 | 4·2 | 1·1 | 4·5 | 1·0 |
| Folate (μg/4184 kJ) | 147 | 52 | 156 | 48 | 239 | 75 |
| Vitamin C (mg/4184 kJ) | 46·5 | 23·5 | 47·9 | 23·2 | 85·5 | 31·2 |
EI, energy intake.
*
Not available for older women.
†
Retinol equivalents.
‡
α-Tocopherol.