Table 3.
Food groups contributing to inter-individual variation in the Japanese diet score in young, middle-aged and older Japanese women*
(Regression coefficients with their standard errors and partial determination coefficients)
| Young (n 3963) | Middle-aged (n 3800) | Older (n 2211) | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Original score† | Modified score‡ | Original score† | Modified score‡ | Original score† | Modified score‡ | |||||||||||||
| β§ | se | Partial R2 | β§ | se | Partial R2 | β§ | se | Partial R2 | β§ | se | Partial R2 | β§ | se | Partial R2 | β§ | se | Partial R2 | |
| Model R2 0·36 | Model R2 0·59 | Model R2 0·46 | Model R2 0·69 | Model R2 0·47 | Model R2 0·80 | |||||||||||||
| Sugar and confectioneries | −3·60 | 0·10 | 0·22 | −3·63 | 0·08 | 0·26 | −3·50 | 0·10 | 0·12 | −3·68 | 0·08 | 0·13 | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | −4·48 | 0·08 | 0·16 |
| Meat | −1·54 | 0·10 | 0·05 | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | −1·49 | 0·09 | 0·04 | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ |
| Soft drinks | −1·41 | 0·10 | 0·03 | −1·27 | 0·09 | 0·02 | −0·85 | 0·09 | 0·01 | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ |
| Fruit | 1·22 | 0·10 | 0·03 | 2·72 | 0·09 | 0·09 | 2·39 | 0·09 | 0·15 | 2·76 | 0·08 | 0·15 | 2·78 | 0·12 | 0·15 | 3·08 | 0·08 | 0·17 |
| Total vegetables | 1·01 | 0·10 | 0·01 | 1·47 | 0·09 | 0·04 | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | 1·19 | 0·08 | 0·02 | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ |
| Fish and shellfish | −0·79 | 0·10 | 0·01 | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | −1·14 | 0·10 | 0·02 | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ |
| Dairy products | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | 2·99 | 0·09 | 0·14 | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | 2·92 | 0·08 | 0·23 | 2·16 | 0·12 | 0·07 | 2·90 | 0·08 | 0·27 |
| Seasonings | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | −0·61 | 0·04 | 0·03 | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | −2·04 | 0·08 | 0·05 | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | −3·37 | 0·08 | 0·16 |
| Alcoholic beverages | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | −2·86 | 0·10 | 0·12 | −2·73 | 0·08 | 0·10 | –‖ | –‖‖ | –‖ | −1·48 | 0·08 | 0·03 |
| Bread | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | 0·41 | 0·08 | 0·01 | 1·92 | 0·12 | 0·06 | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ |
| White rice | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | 4·73 | 0·13 | 0·15 | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ |
| Noodles | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ | 1·42 | 0·12 | 0·03 | –‖ | –‖ | –‖ |
β, Regression coefficient.
Food groups listed are those contributing at least 1 % of the variation of the diet score based on the stepwise forward regression analysis with eighteen food groups (white rice; other grains; noodles; bread; other grain products; pulses; nuts; potatoes; sugar and confectioneries; fruits; total vegetables; alcoholic beverages; soft drinks; fish and shellfish; meat; eggs; dairy products; and seasonings) in young and middle-aged women and fifteen food groups (white rice; noodles; bread; pulses; potatoes; sugar and confectioneries; fruit; total vegetables; alcoholic beverages; soft drinks; fish and shellfish; meat; eggs; dairy products; and seasonings) in older women as explanatory variables and the diet score as the response variable.
Recommended values (for the maximum score of 10) are as follows: grain dishes, 4–5 servings/7531 kJ; vegetable dishes, 5–6 servings/7531 kJ; fish and meat dishes, 3–4 servings/7531 kJ; milk, 2 servings/7531 kJ; fruits, 2 servings/7531 kJ; snacks and alcoholic beverages, <837 kJ of energy/7531 kJ. See Supplementary Table S1 for more details.
Recommended values (for the maximum score of 10) are as follows: grain dishes, ≥4 servings/7531 kJ; vegetable dishes, ≥5 servings/7531 kJ; fish and meat dishes, ≥3 servings/7531 kJ; milk, ≥2 servings/7531 kJ; fruits, ≥2 servings/7531 kJ; snacks and alcoholic beverages, <837 kJ of energy/7531 kJ; seasoning, <1389 mg of Na/7531 kJ. See Supplementary Table S1 for more details.
Models with listed variables as the explanatory variables and the diet score as the response variable; regression coefficients mean the change of diet score with a 1-sd increase of intake of each food group (g/4184 kJ).
Not contributing at least 1 % of the variation of diet score.