Table 4.
Urine metabolites after intervention periods*
(Mean values with their standard errors)
| Control | Inulin | Milk | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolite | Mean | se | Mean | se | Mean | se | Inulin v. control: P | Milk v. control: P |
| 2-Furoylglycine | 0·007 | 0·002 | 0·006 | 0·002 | 0·01 | 0·003 | 0·85 | 0·61 |
| 2-Hydroxyisobutyrate | 0·004 | 0·0002 | 0·004 | 0·0002 | 0·005 | 0·0002 | 0·10 | <0·001 |
| 3-Hydroxyisovalerate | 0·004 | 0·0004 | 0·004 | 0·0002 | 0·004 | 0·0003 | 0·92 | 0·87 |
| Alanine | 0·02 | 0·002 | 0·02 | 0·002 | 0·02 | 0·002 | 0·99 | 0·74 |
| Citrate | 0·1 | 0·03 | 0·2 | 0·03 | 0·2 | 0·04 | 0·19 | <0·001 |
| Dimethylamine | 0·03 | 0·001 | 0·03 | 0·0008 | 0·03 | 0·001 | 0·85 | 0·46 |
| Formate | 0·02 | 0·002 | 0·02 | 0·002 | 0·03 | 0·003 | 0·11 | 0·01 |
| Hippurate | 0·2 | 0·04 | 0·2 | 0·04 | 0·2 | 0·04 | 0·99 | 0·99 |
| Trigonelline | 0·03 | 0·01 | 0·03 | 0·01 | 0·04 | 0·01 | 0·98 | 0·57 |
| Trimethylamine N-oxide | 0·01 | 0·002 | 0·02 | 0·01 | 0·01 | 0·003 | 0·53 | 1·00 |
| Butyric acid (μg/ml) | 22·7 | 3·2 | 24·4 | 3·1 | 21·3 | 3·4 | 0·99 | 0·99 |
*
Data were analysed using mixed models with participants as the random effect. All metabolites except for butyric acid were normalised to 1 mm-creatinine. All models were adjusted for weight and age. Significance was determined as P < 0·05.