Table 2.
Obesity-related parameters for Japanese adults in the fucoxanthin (Fx) intervention groups (0 or 1 or 2 mg/d) at baseline and after intervention*
(Mean values with their standard errors)
| Baseline | After | Baseline v. after | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fx 0 mg | Fx 1 mg | Fx 2 mg | Fx 0 mg | Fx 1 mg | Fx 2 mg | Within group (P) | |||||||||||
| Mean | se | Mean | se | Mean | se | P | Mean | se | Mean | se | Mean | se | P | Fx 0 mg | Fx 1 mg | Fx 2 mg | |
| Subjects | 0·24 | ||||||||||||||||
| Number | 20 | 19 | 20 | ||||||||||||||
| Male % | 20 | 32 | 45 | ||||||||||||||
| Age (years) | 53·0 | 2·2 | 57·5 | 2·9 | 55·2 | 3·2 | 0·52 | ||||||||||
| Height (cm) | 157·6 | 1·7 | 158·2 | 1·8 | 159·9 | 2·4 | 0·68 | ||||||||||
| Weight (kg) | 62·8 | 2·0 | 67·0 | 3·3 | 70·2 | 3·3 | 0·23 | 64·2 | 2·5 | 64·6 | 3·4 | 70·1 | 3·4 | 0·28 | 0·90 | 0·90 | 0·87 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25·2 | 0·5 | 26·6 | 0·9 | 27·2 | 0·7 | 0·06 | 25·1 | 0·5 | 26·3 | 0·9 | 26·9 | 0·7 | 0·17 | 0·95 | 0·79 | 0·82 |
| Visceral fat area (cm2) | 91·6 | 9·0 | 119·4 | 17·4 | 113·5 | 8·3 | 0·24 | 85·0 | 7·7 | 110·8 | 14·6 | 107·8 | 7·8 | 0·09 | 0·58 | 0·80 | 0·62 |
| Resting energy expenditure (kcal/d)† | 1342 | 58 | 1326 | 76 | 1467 | 108 | 0·54 | 1400 | 52 | 1383 | 65 | 1561 | 97 | 0·18 | 0·46 | 0·58 | 0·42 |
| Blood biochemistry | |||||||||||||||||
| Glucose (mg/dl)† | 109 | 7 | 107 | 3 | 111 | 3 | 0·19 | 106 | 7 | 108 | 5 | 105 | 3 | 0·26 | 0·06 | 1·00 | 0·13 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5·4 | 0·3 | 5·2 | 0·1 | 5·2 | 0·1 | 0·61 | 5·4 | 0·2 | 5·2 | 0·1 | 5·1 | 0·1 | 0·33 | 0·28 | 0·94 | 0·32 |
| Insulin (μU/ml) | 8·2 | 0·7 | 8·3 | 0·8 | 8·8 | 1·1 | 0·98 | 7·0 | 0·7 | 7·9 | 0·8 | 8·3 | 0·9 | 0·51 | 0·16 | 0·69 | 0·86 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl)† | 207 | 8 | 210 | 9 | 205 | 10 | 0·93 | 216 | 9 | 216 | 9 | 205 | 9 | 0·54 | 0·43 | 0·66 | 0·94 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)† | 59 | 2 | 57 | 2 | 57 | 3 | 0·80 | 60 | 3 | 57 | 2 | 60 | 3 | 0·82 | 0·99 | 0·93 | 0·59 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)† | 121 | 8 | 118 | 7 | 122 | 8 | 0·95 | 130 | 8 | 129 | 8 | 119 | 9 | 0·59 | 0·45 | 0·31 | 0·84 |
| TAG (mg/dl)† | 129 | 15 | 177 | 46 | 132 | 24 | 0·23 | 132 | 17 | 130 | 15 | 141 | 28 | 0·77 | 0·97 | 0·81 | 0·84 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (IU) | 21 | 2 | 21 | 1 | 24 | 2 | 0·56 | 21 | 2 | 22 | 2 | 24 | 2 | 0·79 | 0·86 | 0·72 | 0·62 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (IU) | 21 | 2 | 23 | 2 | 30 | 5 | 0·31 | 21 | 2 | 23 | 3 | 28 | 5 | 0·55 | 0·95 | 0·81 | 0·78 |
| γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (IU) | 47 | 18 | 33 | 6 | 44 | 11 | 0·77 | 43 | 13 | 32 | 5 | 46 | 14 | 0·90 | 0·77 | 0·86 | 1·00 |
*
Subjects were randomly assigned to three groups. Comparisons of parameters among the three groups (baseline and after) and within a group (baseline v. after) were performed by t test, one-way ANOVA, Welch's test and a non-parametric Steel–Dwass test. No significant differences were observed between and within the three groups.
†
To convert kcal to kJ, multiply by 4·184; to convert glucose from mg/dl to mmol/l, multiply by 0·0555; to convert cholesterol from mg/dl to mmol/l, multiply by 0·0259; to convert TAG from mg/dl to mmol/l, multiply by 0·0113.