Table 3.

Changes in HbA1c levels and serum fucoxanthinol (FxOH) levels in the fucoxanthin (Fx) intervention groups (0 or 1 or 2 mg/d) after the 8-week intervention^†

(Mean values with their standard errors)

	Fx 0 mg		Fx 1 mg		Fx 2 mg
	Mean	se	Mean	se	Mean	se
ΔHbA1c (%)	0·06	0·05	0·01	0·05	−0·14*	0·05
Serum FxOH levels (after 8 weeks) (nm)	0·4	0·0	2·1**	0·2	2·7**	0·4

Mean value was significantly different from that of the 0 mg/d group: * P < 0·05, ** P < 0·0001.

^†ΔHbA1c represents the change in HbA1c levels before and after an 8-week intervention of Fx. P values for comparison of parameters among the three groups were calculated by one-way ANOVA, the Tukey–Kramer test for multiple comparisons and a non-parametric Steel–Dwass test.