Fig. 2.

Syntenic relationships among V. vinifera, S. lycopersicum, and U. gibba regions containing tandemly duplicated cysteine protease genes. Some parts of these tandem arrays clearly preexisted in U. gibba’s prepolyploid ancestral genomes, with further tandem duplications having occurred since those events, together increasing functional potential for U. gibba’s carnivory. A typical ancestral region in Vitis can be traced to up to three regions in Solanum (through the latter's genome triplication) and up to eight regions in U. gibba (where as many as three WGDs are possible). Red connecting lines highlight matching cysteine proteases in the selected regions; genes otherwise syntenic are shown in gray.