Table 1.
Distribution of serum lipid levels at age 8–14 years across background characteristics of 248 ELEMENT participants.
| N | Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | HDL-C (mg/dL) | LDL-C (mg/dL) | Triglycerides (mg/dL) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Pa | Mean ± SD | Pa | Mean ± SD | Pa | Mean ± SD | Pa | ||
|
|
|||||||||
| Overall | 248 | 155.2 ± 28.4 | 58.7 ± 11.9 | 79.0 ± 23.2 | 87.5 ± 44.4 | ||||
| Sociodemographic & family characteristics | |||||||||
| Maternal age at enrollment | |||||||||
| 15–24 years | 101 | 153.3 ± 30.6 | 0.34 | 57.9 ± 12.2 | 0.47 | 76.9 ± 24.2 | 0.23 | 92.6 ± 47.9 | 0.51 |
| 25–34 years | 116 | 156.2 ± 25.8 | 59.5 ± 12.4 | 80.3 ± 21.9 | 81.7 ± 39.9 | ||||
| 35–44 years | 31 | 158.2 ± 30.4 | 58.2 ± 9.3 | 81.5 ± 24.5 | 92.7 ± 47.4 | ||||
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Married | 177 | 155.7 ± 30.4 | 0.64 | 59.4 ± 11.9 | 0.12 | 79.3 ± 24.5 | 0.75 | 85.0 ± 43.8 | 0.11 |
| Single | 71 | 154.1 ± 22.8 | 56.9 ± 12.0 | 78.4 ± 19.6 | 93.8 ± 45.6 | ||||
| Maternal education | |||||||||
| <10 years | 89 | 153.3 ± 29.0 | 0.10 | 57.9 ± 12.5 | 0.58 | 77.1 ± 23.5 | 0.08 | 91.5 ± 47.9 | 0.98 |
| 10–12 years | 123 | 154.0 ± 27.2 | 59.5 ± 12.2 | 78.3 ± 22.5 | 81.0 ± 34.5 | ||||
| >12 years | 36 | 164.1 ± 30.0 | 57.8 ± 9.5 | 86.3 ± 23.8 | 100.2 ± 60.4 | ||||
| Characteristics at the 8–14 year research visit | |||||||||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 117 | 151.2 ± 28.5 | 0.03 | 59.9 ± 12.0 | 0.11 | 75.9 ± 23.9 | 0.04 | 77.0 ± 38.3 | 0.0001 |
| Female | 131 | 158.8 ± 27.8 | 57.6 ± 11.8 | 81.9 ± 22.2 | 96.9 ± 47.4 | ||||
| BMI z-score | |||||||||
| < −2.0 | 4 | 164.5 ± 16.2 | 0.003 | 68.3 ± 8.3 | 0.0001 | 81.2 ± 15.0 | 0.0004 | 75.5 ± 38.3 | <0.0001 |
| ≥ −2.0 to ≤1.0 | 119 | 148.9 ± 25.2 | 61.5 ± 12.4 | 72.6 ± 21.1 | 73.8 ± 36.0 | ||||
| >1.0 to ≤2.0 | 83 | 159.7 ± 28.9 | 55.8 ± 10.7 | 84.6 ± 22.2 | 96.6 ± 45.0 | ||||
| >2.0 | 42 | 163.5 ± 33.2 | 55.5 ± 11.3 | 86.1 ± 26.8 | 109.9 ± 52.5 | ||||
| Pubertal status: Malesb | |||||||||
| Prepubertal | 56 | 155.6 ± 26.9 | 0.17 | 60.9 ± 11.7 | 0.35 | 79.4 ± 21.5 | 0.20 | 76.4 ± 39.7 | 0.80 |
| Pubertal | 58 | 148.2 ± 29.3 | 59.0 ± 12.3 | 73.7 ± 25.6 | 77.8 ± 38.2 | ||||
| Pubertal status: Femalesb | |||||||||
| Prepubertal | 86 | 165.2 ± 26.6 | 0.0002 | 59.1 ± 11.7 | 0.04 | 87.1 ± 21.0 | 0.0002 | 95.3 ± 49.1 | 0.34 |
| Pubertal | 45 | 146.6 ± 26.3 | 54.6 ± 11.6 | 72.0 ± 21.3 | 100.1 ± 44.3 | ||||
a
Represents a test for linear trend where an ordinal indicator is entered into the model as continuous variable, with the exception of binary variables (Wald test).
b
Prepubertal and pubertal were defined as Tanner stage ≤1 and >1, respectively, for genital or pubic hair development in boys, and for breast or pubic hair development in girls.