Table 1.
Characteristics of older men according to level of anxiety symptoms at baseline
| Characteristics | Total N = 2,818 | Anxiety symptoms, n (%) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No symptoms 1,902 (68) | Mild (1–4 symptoms) 690 (24) | Moderate/Severe (5–9 symptoms) 226 (8) | |||
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 76.1 ± 5.3 | 76.1 ± 5.3 | 76.0 ± 5.4 | 75.8 ± 5.4 | 0.5 |
| Non-Caucasian race, n (%) | 221 (7.8) | 150 (7.9) | 51 (7.4) | 20 (8.9) | 0.8 |
| High school or less, n (%) | 561 (19.9) | 357 (18.8) | 147 (21.3) | 57 (25.2) | 0.04 |
| Married, n (%) | 2,286 (81.2) | 1,543 (81.3) | 566 (82.0) | 177 (78.3) | 0.5 |
| Medical history | |||||
| Stroke, n (%) | 103 (3.7) | 61 (3.2) | 30 (4.4) | 12 (5.3) | 0.15 |
| Parkinson`s disease, n (%) | 31 (1.1) | 16 (0.8) | 8 (1.2) | 7 (3.1) | 0.01 |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 467 (16.6) | 294 (15.5) | 121 (17.5) | 52 (23.0) | 0.01 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1,387 (49.2) | 883 (46.4) | 369 (53.5) | 135 (59.7) | <0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 141 (5.0) | 80 (4.2) | 40 (5.8) | 21 (9.3) | <0.01 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 364 (12.9) | 227 (11.9) | 100 (14.5) | 37 (16.4) | 0.06 |
| Osteoarthritis, n (%) | 656 (23.3) | 392 (20.6) | 175 (25.4) | 89 (39.4) | <0.001 |
| Co-morbid conditions, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 842 (29.9) | 630 (33.1) | 169 (24.5) | 43 (19.0) | |
| 1–2 | 1,733 (61.5) | 1,137 (59.8) | 452 (65.5) | 144 (63.7) | |
| 3+ | 243 (8.6) | 135 (7.1) | 69 (10.0) | 39 (17.3) | |
| Life style | |||||
| Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly score, mean ± SD | 148.6 ± 71.3 | 148.4 ± 70.1 | 153.7 ± 74.2 | 134.7 ± 70.4 | <0.01 |
| Alcoholic drinks per week, mean ± SD | 2.9 ± 1.3 | 2.9 ± 1.2 | 3.0 ± 1.3 | 2.7 ± 1.3 | 0.02 |
| Smoking status | 0.4 | ||||
| Never, n (%) | 1,124 (39.9) | 772 (40.6) | 270 (39.1) | 82 (36.3) | |
| Past, n (%) | 1,636 (58.0) | 1,092 (57.4) | 408 (59.1) | 136 (60.2) | |
| Current, n (%) | 58 (2.1) | 38 (2.0) | 12 (1.8) | 8 (3.5) | |
| Quality of life | |||||
| Self-rated health status, good/excellent, n (%) | 2,466 (87.5) | 1,732 (91.1) | 598 (86.7) | 136 (60.2) | <0.001 |
| Any IADL impairment, n (%) | 544 (19.3) | 310 (16.3) | 145 (21.0) | 89 (39.4) | <0.001 |
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index > 5, n (%) | 1,208 (42.9) | 653 (34.3) | 366 (53.0) | 189 (83.6) | <0.001 |
| Geriatric Depression Scale ≥ 6, n (%) | 155 (5.5) | 29 (1.5) | 59 (8.6) | 67 (29.8) | <0.001 |
| Psychotropic medications | |||||
| Benzodiazepine use, n (%) | 117 (4.2) | 57 (3.0) | 30 (4.4) | 30 (13.3) | <0.001 |
| Non-benzodiazepine non-barbiturate sedative hypnotic use, n (%) | 60 (2.1) | 31 (1.6) | 17 (2.5) | 12 (5.3) | <0.01 |
| Any antidepressant use, n (%) | 192 (6.8) | 96 (5.1) | 52 (7.6) | 44 (19.5) | <0.001 |
| SSRI antidepressant use n (%) | 102 (3.6) | 52 (2.7) | 27 (3.9) | 23 (10.2) | <0.001 |
| TCA antidepressant use, n (%) | 37 (1.3) | 20 (1.1) | 9 (1.3) | 8 (3.5) | 0.01 |