Table 2. Associations between plasma proportions of PUFAs and FADS and ELOVL polymorphisms.
| Fatty acid | Gene | SNP Major/minor allele | NORMAL-WEIGHT | OVERWEIGHT/OBESE | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | β | P | N | β | P | ||||
| FADS1 indexes | |||||||||
| AA:DGLA | |||||||||
| FADS1 | rs174537 | G/T | 22 | -0.81 | 0.004* | 18 | -0.48 | 0.155 | |
| FADS1 | rs174545 | C/G | 28 | -0.70 | 0.003* | 17 | -0.48 | 0.174 | |
| FADS1 | rs174546 | C/T | 28 | -0.70 | 0.003* | 19 | -0.49 | 0.139 | |
| FADS1 | rs174553 | A/G | 28 | -0.70 | 0.003* | 19 | -0.49 | 0.139 | |
| FADS1 | rs174547 | T/C | 23 | -0.67 | 0.013 | 18 | -0.48 | 0.155 | |
| FADS2 indexes | |||||||||
| DGLA:LA | |||||||||
| FADS2 | rs1535 | A/G | 26 | 0.56 | 0.029 | 18 | 0.42 | 0.226 | |
| FADS2 | rs174583 | C/T | 27 | 0.53 | 0.040 | 19 | 0.41 | 0.226 | |
| FADS2 | rs99780 | C/T | 25 | 0.54 | 0.042 | 18 | 0.42 | 0.226 | |
| ELOVL2 indexes | |||||||||
| DHA:DPAn3 | |||||||||
| ELOVL2 | rs2236212 | G/C | 25 | -0.05 | 0.806 | 19 | -0.58 | 0.016 | |
| ELOVL2 | rs3798713 | G/C | 25 | 0.00 | 0.995 | 19 | -0.58 | 0.016 | |
| Fatty acids involved in FADS1 indexes | |||||||||
| C20:3n6 (DGLA) | |||||||||
| FADS1 | rs174537 | G/T | 22 | 0.75 | 0.012 | 18 | 0.53 | 0.119 | |
| FADS1 | rs174545 | C/G | 28 | 0.57 | 0.028 | 17 | 0.52 | 0.137 | |
| FADS1 | rs174546 | C/T | 28 | 0.57 | 0.028 | 19 | 0.52 | 0.118 | |
| FADS1 | rs174553 | A/G | 28 | 0.57 | 0.028 | 19 | 0.52 | 0.118 | |
| FADS1 | rs174547 | T/C | 23 | 0.60 | 0.034 | 18 | 0.53 | 0.119 | |
| C20:4n6 (AA) | |||||||||
| FADS1 | rs174545 | C/G | 28 | -0.55 | 0.042 | 17 | -0.01 | 0.977 | |
| FADS1 | rs174546 | C/T | 28 | -0.55 | 0.042 | 19 | -0.01 | 0.971 | |
| FADS1 | rs174553 | A/G | 28 | -0.55 | 0.042 | 19 | -0.01 | 0.971 | |
| C18:3n3 (ALA) | |||||||||
| FADS1 | rs174537 | G/T | 22 | 0.71 | 0.027 | 18 | -0.09 | 0.790 | |
| FADS1 | rs174547 | T/C | 23 | 0.66 | 0.026 | 18 | -0.09 | 0.790 | |
| Fatty acids involved in FADS2 indexes | |||||||||
| C18:3n6 (GLA) | |||||||||
| FADS2 | rs174575 | C/G | 22 | 0.12 | 0.672 | 19 | 0.64 | 0.031 | |
| C20:3n6 (DGLA) | |||||||||
| FADS2 | rs1535 | A/G | 26 | 0.65 | 0.010 | 18 | 0.53 | 0.119 | |
| FADS2 | rs174583 | C/G | 27 | 0.62 | 0.015 | 19 | 0.52 | 0.118 | |
| C18:3n3 (ALA) | |||||||||
| FADS2 | rs174575 | C/G | 23 | 0.50 | 0.043 | 19 | 0.22 | 0.494 | |
| C20:5n3 (EPA) | |||||||||
| FADS2 | rs99780 | C/T | 25 | 0.52 | 0.035 | 17 | 0.11 | 0.749 | |
| C22:5n3 (DPAn3) | |||||||||
| FADS2 | rs99780 | C/T | 25 | 0.62 | 0.011 | 18 | -0.41 | 0.173 | |
Associations between SNPs and fatty acids were analyzed using linear regression. SNPs were coded according to minor allele count and analyzed as a numeric variable. "β" = beta per minor allele standardized per the major allele. All associations were adjusted for potential confounders such as age, education, smoking and energy intake. P-values <0.05 are highlighted in bold and significant associations that persisted after Bonferroni correction are additionally denoted by stars (*p≤0.004). LA: Linoleic Acid; GLA: γ-Linolenic Acid; DGLA: Dihomo-γ-Linolenic Acid; AA: Arachidonic Acid; ALA: α-linolenic Acid; EPA: Eicosapentaenoic acid; DPAn3: Docosapentaenoic acid n3; DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid.