Table 1. Demographics, adaptive functioning and features of joint attention behavior in the ASD and TD groups.
| Demographics | |||
| ASD (n = 33) | TD (n = 27) | Significance | |
| Age (months) | 33.7 (S.D. = 8.7) | 30.8 (S.D. = 11.6) | t = 1.11, p = 0.271, df = 58 |
| Gender (n) | Males = 28 /Females = 5 | Males = 15 /Females = 12 | x2 = 6.28, p = 0.012*, df = 58 |
| Adaptive functioning—Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, 2nd edition (Sparrow et al., 2005) | |||
| ASD (n = 32) | TD (n = 27) | Significance | |
| Adaptive behavior composite (SS) | 74.9 (S.D. = 9.9) | 101.2 (S.D. = 7.2) | t = 11.44, p<0.001***, df = 57 |
| Communication (SS) | 72.7 (S.D. = 12.5) | 104.7 (S.D. = 8.8) | t = 11.21, p<0.001***, df = 57 |
| Daily living skills (SS) | 78.5 (S.D. = 11.5) | 101.7 (S.D. = 8.8) | t = 8.60, p<0.001***, df = 57 |
| Socialization (SS) | 75.3 (S.D. = 9.9) | 100.2 (S.D. = 6.4) | t = 11.24, p<0.001***, df = 57 |
| Motor skills (SS) | 85.3 (S.D. = 12.8) | 99.4 (S.D. = 8.3) | t = 4.92, p<0.001***, df = 57 |
| Joint attention behaviors—Early Social Communication Scale (Mundy et al., 2003) | |||
| ASD (n = 25) | TD (n = 23) | Significance | |
| Initiating Joint Attention (n) | 5.8 (S.D. = 5.8) | 23.3 (S.D. = 2.1) | t = 7.35, p<0.001***, df = 46 |
| Responses to Joint Attention (n) | 6.4 (S.D. = 4.7) | 11.7 (S.D. = 0.6) | t = 4.52, p<0.001**, df = 46 |
* indicates a p-value <0.05.
** indicates a p-value <0.01.
*** indicates a p-value <0.001.