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. 2017 May 22;40(1):65–74. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2998

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Copyright: © Liu et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Changes in transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in hypoxia-induced endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). (A) mRNA levels of TGF-β1, Smad2 and Smad3 in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) were assessed by RT-PCR and normalized to that of reference gene β-actin (n=7, ^*P<0.05 vs. control group; ^#P<0.05 vs. hypoxia group; ^▲P<0.05 vs. RUNX3i group). (B) Relative protein level expression of TGF-β2, Smad2/3 and p-Smad2/3 to GAPDH in the HCMECs from each group (n=7, ^*P<0.05 vs. control group; ^#P<0.05 vs. hypoxia group; ^▲P<0.05 vs. RUNX3i group).