(A) Representative immunohistochemical image demonstrating p-SMAD3 (red), dystrophin (green), and DAPI (blue) in the non-injured limb skeletal muscle. A white arrowhead denotes a p-SMAD3− myonucleus, a yellow arrowhead denotes a p-SMAD3+ myonucleus, a white arrow denotes a p-SMAD3− interstitial nucleus and a yellow arrow denotes a p-SMAD3+ interstitial nucleus. Scale bar = 20µm. (B) Quantification of the frequency of p-SMAD3 myonuclei, expressed as mean percentage of p-SMAD3+ myonuclei ± SEM. (C) Quantification of the frequency of p-SMAD3 interstitial nuclei, expressed as mean percentage of p-SMAD3+ interstitial nuclei ± SEM. N = 10 subjects. NI = non-injured; I = injured. * Significantly different from the non-injured limb (p < 0.05).