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. 2017 May 31;174(13):2140–2151. doi: 10.1111/bph.13833

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Metformin (Met) inhibition of Ang II‐induced ER stress is dependent on AMPKα2 (a2) activation. (A) Effects of Compound C (Comp C), a known AMPK inhibitor, on ER stress after incubation for the indicated times. Representative blots from four independent experiments are shown. For each panel, the quantitated data from these experiments are shown. n = 5, *P < 0.05, significantly different from vehicle (Veh). (B) Effects of Comp C on Ang II‐induced ER stress biomarkers. The blot is a representative of five blots from five individual experiments. n = 5, *P < 0.05, significantly different from Veh. †P < 0.05, significantly different from Veh/Ang II. (C) Effects of AMPKα2 knockdown on ER stress biomarkers in hVSMCs. The blot is a representative of five experiments. n = 5, *P < 0.05, significantly different from scrambled (Scr) siRNA. (D) The effects of AMPKα2 knockout in mVSMCs on ER stress biomarkers. The blot is a representative of four blots from four independent experiments. n = 5, *P < 0.05, significantly different from WT. (E) AMPKα2 is required for metformin inhibition on Ang II‐induced ER stress in hVSMCs. Representative blots from three independent experiments are shown. n = 5, *P < 0.05, significantly different from Scr siRNA. †P < 0.05, significantly different from Scr siRNA/Ang II. #P < 0.05, significantly different from Scr siRNA/Ang II + Met. PDI, protein disulfide isomerase; α1, AMPKα1.