Table 5.

Intervention characteristics.

Study	Mode of delivery	Recommended frequency	Recommended duration of visit	Interactive element	Tailoring	Intervention Duration Attrition rateg
Chiauzzi et al [29]	Website	2 times/week for 4 weeks, then unlimited	<20 min/session	Log of activities and content viewed during sessions	Yes Matched patient characteristics to educational content, articles, and interactive tools	4 week intervention period, access for 6 months Attrition rate: 6 months Ia=67/104 Cb=88/105
Simon et al [35]	Website Small information units presented in combination of text and graphics	Unlimited access but no required frequency	N/Rc	Simulated dialogue between user and system Text or graphics varied based on needs of users	Yes Ottawa Decision Support Framework Tailoring based on ≥4 tailoring concepts, including patient characteristics and preferences	One-time use required, access for 3 months Attrition rate: Post-use Ia=147/691 Cb=195/652 3 months Ia=40/691 Cb=25/652
Carpenter et al [28]	Website Text and graphic with audio narration Animation used in educational material	Two times/week, email reminders	1-1.5 hour/log-in	Reflective and interactive exercises	No	3-week intervention period Attrition rate: 3 weeks Ia=63/70 Cb=68/71
Krein et al [33] Krein et al[34]d	Website Graphical and written feedback Motivational messages Weekly news updates	Unlimited access with weekly reminders to upload data	N/Rc	Pedometer data, used to create weekly PAegoals and track progress Targeted messages Discussion on Web-based forum with peers and health personnel	Yes Genderf Written and graphical information as targeted messagesf	12-month intervention period Attrition rate: 12 months Ia=102/111 Cb=105/118
Irvine et al [32]	Web app, accessible from Internet and mobile Gain-framed text and video messages	Unlimited access, weekly reminders to visit app	N/Rc	Pain and PAeself-monitoring tool Journal-keeping function 7- and 30-day graphs of pain	Yes Job-type assessed by questionnaires	8-week intervention period, access for 16 weeks Attrition rate: 8 weeks Ia=192/199 Cb=197/199
Weymann et al [37] Dirmaier et al [30]d	Website	Unlimited access, designed to be used in 1 sitting	N/Rc	Simulated dialogue between user and system User-control to navigate site by replying to at least 3 options after each text passage	Yes Avoidance Endurance Model Health literacyf Motivational Interviewing Tunnelled design developed	3-month intervention period Attrition rate: 3 months Ia=96/190 Cb=106/188
Geraghty et al [31]d	Website	One session/week	N/Rc	User selects PAe, system generates activity goals User may navigate the content as they find best	Yes Extent of pain obstructing daily activities	3-month intervention period
Valenzuela-Pascual et al [36]d	Website Changing delivery formats Video, 2-3D animation	Unlimited access	N/Rc	N/Rc (content not yet developed)	Yes (content not yet developed)	2-week intervention period
Amorim et al [27]d	App, accessed via computer or smartphone	Unlimited access, no recommendations on frequency or duration	N/Rc	User reports PAelevels, pain intensity, and disability User receives encouragement based on PAelevel	No	6-month intervention period

^aC: control group.

^bI: intervention group.

^cN/R: not reported.

^dProtocol paper, no data available.

^ePA: physical activity.

^fInformation given in the protocol but not stated in the RCT report.

^gAttrition rates reported as number of completed cases in relation to the total number of participants randomized to the group.