Table 1.

‘Water-free’ patient care activities

Patient care-related action	New method with ‘water-free’ working
Gloves and gowns	Universal gloving and gowning (pre- and post-intervention period)
Hand washing after visual contamination	‘Quick & Clean’, (Alpheios B.V., Heerlen, The Netherlands) wipes to remove extensive contamination from hands. Followed by disinfection with alcohol-based hand rub
Medication preparation	Dissolving of medication in bottled water (SPA reine, Spa, Belgium)
Drinks	Bottled water (SPA reine, Spa, Belgium)
Canula care	Disposable materials
Hair washing	Rinse-free shampoo cap (Comfort Personal cleansing products, USA)
Washing	Moistened disposable wash gloves, (D-care,Houten, The Netherlands)
Dental care	Bottled (SPA reine, Spa, Belgium)
Shaving	Electric shaving, or with warm bottled water (SPA reine, Spa, Belgium)