Table 4.

Differentially expressed proteins in the ileum mucosa of piglets supplemented by three lactobacilli in diets compared with antibiotics

Category	Spot No.^a	Gene	Accession code	Protein	Expression change (Lactobacilli VS. Antibiotics)	Score^b	Putative function
Lactobacilli-insensitive spots compared with antibiotics	R1	TPM2	F1SG00	Tropomyosin beta chain	Up-regulation	261	Stabilizing cytoskeleton actin filaments
	R2	VIM	P02543	Vimentin	Up-regulation	138	Maintaining cell shape, integrity of the cytoplasm, and stabilizing cytoskeletal interactions
	R3	KRT19	F1S0J8	Keratin type I cytoskeletal 19	Up-regulation	185	Maintaining structural integrity of epithelial cells
	R4	TPM1	F2Z5B6	Tropomyosin alpha-1 chain	Up-regulation	277	Stabilizing cytoskeleton actin filaments
Lactobacilli-related spots compared with antibiotics	UB1(G1-1)	PIK3CG	O02697	Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit	Only detectable in lactobacilli	137	Maintaining structural and functional integrity of epithelia
	UB2(G1-1)	CFL1	P10668	Cofilin-1	Only detectable in lactobacilli	121	Regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization
	UC1(G8-5)	ARHGDIB	F1SQW8	Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 2	Only detectable in lactobacilli	109	Small GTPase regulator activity receptor binding;
	UC2(G8-5)	NPM1	F1RRY2	Nucleophosmin	Down-regulation	99	Ribosome biogenesis and transport
	UD1(G22-2)	ARHGDIB	F1SQW8	Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 2	Only detectable in lactobacilli	116	Small GTPase regulator activity receptor binding;
	UD2(G22-2)	ACTB	Q6QAQ1	Actin cytoplasmic 1	Only detectable in antibiotics	139	Involved in cell motility, structure, and integrity

^a Spot No. refers to protein spot numbers that were labeled in Fig. 3

^b Protein score generated by MS identification platform MASCOT; a score > 65 is considered significant