Table 2.

Hemodynamic parameters at different time points in four groups (n = 75 per group)

	C	M1	M2	M3
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) (mmHg)
Baseline	89.7 ± 9.2	91.8 ± 9.3	91.5 ± 9.1	90.7 ± 8.9
10 min_Anesthesia	69.7 ± 6.1a	87.5 ± 8.5c	90.5 ± 9.0c	92.8 ± 9.1c
30 min_Anesthesia	71.5 ± 6.7a	88.1 ± 9.3c	92.8 ± 9.3c	94.4 ± 9.2c
60 min_Anesthesia	72.8 ± 7.4a	90.2 ± 9.5c	97.7 ± 9.6c	111.9 ± 13.4acef
End of operation	75.9 ± 8.1a	93.3 ± 10.3c	98.3 ± 10.5c	115.7 ± 13.6acef
Heart rate (HR) (beats/min)
Baseline	81.5 ± 8.3	81.3 ± 8.4	82.3 ± 8.1	82.2 ± 8.2
10 min_Anesthesia	67.5 ± 6.2a	65.7 ± 7.1 a	66.5 ± 7.4a	68.8 ± 7.8a
30 min_Anesthesia	69.7 ± 8.2a	66.9 ± 8.7 a	66.6 ± 8.9a	67.9 ± 8.7a
60 min_Anesthesia	71.3 ± 8.4a	68.5 ± 8.9 a	68.8 ± 8.7a	71.5 ± 8.9a
End of operation	71.5 ± 8.6a	71.5 ± 8.5 a	71.3 ± 8.9a	71.6 ± 9.1a
Rate pressure product (RPP)
Baseline	10,451.3 ± 269.5	10,487.6 ± 281.7	10,490.2 ± 290.8	10,498.6 ± 297.3
10 min_Anesthesia	7572.7 ± 187.6a	9695.4 ± 295.4c	9605.6 ± 301c	9612.9 ± 308.5c
30 min_Anesthesia	7691.3 ± 279.4a	9595.5 ± 297.3c	9609.8 ± 306.5c	9925.7 ± 315.7c
60 min_Anesthesia	7718.6 ± 286.2a	9601.7 ± 305.7c	10,313.5 ± 287.3c	13,076.5 ± 356.2acef
End of operation	7995.4 ± 297.3a	9611.8 ± 308.9c	10,482.7 ± 291.5c	13,218.6 ± 395.8acef
Central venous pressure (CVP) (cmH2O)
Baseline	8.6 ± 1.2	8.7 ± 1.2	8.5 ± 1.3	8.6 ± 1.3
10 min_Anesthesia	3.9 ± 1.1a	5.7 ± 1.0ac	5.8 ± 1.1ac	6.2 ± 1.1ac
30 min_Anesthesia	4.0 ± 1.1a	6.0 ± 1.1ac	6.1 ± 1.0ac	6.4 ± 1.1ac
60 min_Anesthesia	4.5 ± 1.0a	6.1 ± 1.0ac	6.3 ± 1.1ac	8.5 ± 1.2cef
End of operation	4.7 ± 1.1a	6.3 ± 1.1ac	6.5 ± 1.0ac	8.7 ± 1.3cef
Saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO2) (%)
Baseline	98.6 ± 1.1	98.7 ± 1.1	98.8 ± 1.0	98.7 ± 1.2
10 min_Anesthesia	98.1 ± 1.1	98.4 ± 1.1	98.6 ± 1.2	98.6 ± 1.1
30 min_Anesthesia	98.5 ± 1.2	98.6 ± 1.0	98.7 ± 1.2	98.7 ± 1.0
60 min_Anesthesia	98.4 ± 1.0	98.8 ± 1.1	98.7 ± 1.1	98.8 ± 1.1
End of operation	98.3 ± 1.3	98.8 ± 1.1	98.8 ± 1.0	98.8 ± 1.1
Cardiac output (CO) (L/min)
Baseline	6.99 ± 1.12	6.98 ± 1.16	7.07 ± 1.12	7.08 ± 1.12
10 min_Anesthesia	4.44 ± 0.84a	6.06 ± 1.13c	6.21 ± 1.17c	6.44 ± 1.24c
30 min_Anesthesia	4.68 ± 1.00a	6.31 ± 1.30c	6.30 ± 1.31c	6.47 ± 1.33c
60 min_Anesthesia	4.93 ± 1.05a	6.48 ± 1.35c	6.52. ± 1.3c	9.04 ± 1.81acef
End of operation	4.96 ± 1.08a	6.78 ± 1.34c	6.78 ± 1.39c	9.41 ± 1.91acef
Systolic volume (SV) (mL/beat)
Baseline	85.3 ± 5.0	85.3 ± 5.4	85.4 ± 5.2	85.6 ± 5.1
10 min_Anesthesia	65.3. ± 6.4a	91.2 ± 7.1c	92.5 ± 7.3c	92.7 ± 7.4c
30 min_Anesthesia	66.4 ± 6.5a	93.4 ± 7.3c	93.6 ± 7.2c	94.2 ± 7.5c
60 min_Anesthesia	68.3 ± 6.7a	93.6 ± 7.5c	93.8 ± 7.3c	125.2 ± 9.7acef
End of operation	68.6 ± 6.9a	93.9 ± 7.6c	94.1 ± 7.8c	130.2 ± 10.1acef

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD)

^a P < 0.05, compared with that at 10 min before anesthesia induction

^c P < 0.05, compared with the control group (C)

^e P < 0.05, compared with the M1 group

^f P < 0.05, compared with the M2 group