Table 3.
Prevalence or frequency of functional gastrointestinal disorders: Abdominal pain problems in children and adolescents
| Author, year, country | Study design, setting | Sample size (participation %) | Age bracket yr | Case definition | Case ascertainment | Score1 |
FGID subtype prevalence %( 95%CI) |
|||
| Dyspepsia | Irritable bowel | Abdominal migraine | Abdominal pain - NOS | |||||||
| Baber et al[8], 2008, United States | Cross-sectional, tertiary care | 548 (80.1) | 8-17 | Rome II | Parental QPGS | 5 | 19.6 | 44.0 | 5.7 | 2.7 |
| Rome III | Clinical evaluation | 15.2 | 45.1 | 23.1 | 17.4 | |||||
| Medical records | ||||||||||
| Laboratory exams | ||||||||||
| Bhatia et al[6], 2016, India | Cross-sectional, school-based | 1200 (93.3) | 10-17 | Rome III | Self-reported QPGS-RIII | 5 | 2.7 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 0.8 |
| Medical records | ||||||||||
| Physical examination | ||||||||||
| Caplan et al[18], 2005, Canada | Cross-sectional, tertiary care | 315 (NR) | 4-18 | Rome II | Self-reported QPGS | 3 | p 4-9 yr = 13.5 | p 4-9 yr = 22.0 | p 4-9 yr = 0 | p 4-9 yr = 0 |
| Parental QPGS | p 10-18 yr = 14.4 | p 10-18 yr = 23.9 | p 10-18 yr = 0.7 | p 10-18 yr = 2.9 | ||||||
| Clinical evaluation | a 10-18 yr = 10.2 | a 10-18 yr = 35.5 | a 10-18 yr = 2.2 | a 10-18 yr = 2.9 | ||||||
| Cristofori et al[33], 2014, Italy | Cross-sectional, tertiary care | 992 (NR) | 4-16 | Rome III | Clinical evaluation | 4 | 25.7 | 34.5 | 0.0 | 39.8 |
| Medical records | ||||||||||
| Laboratory exams | ||||||||||
| Devanarayana et al[36], 2010, Sri Lanka | Cross-sectional, school-based | 464 (92) | 12-16 | Rome II | Self-reported QPGS | 4 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 0.2 | 1.4 |
| Rome III | 3.5 | 7.0 | 0.2 | 3.0 | ||||||
| Dong et al[37], 2005, China | Cross-sectional, school-based | 5403 (NR) | 6-18 | Rome II | Self-reported standard questionnaire | 6 | 13.2 | |||
| Parental standard questionnaire | ||||||||||
| Medical records | ||||||||||
| Gijsbers et al[32], 2014, the Netherlands | Cross-sectional, secondary care | 220 (NR) | 4-16 | Rome III | Clinical evaluation | 3 | 3.6 | 5.0 | 0.0 | 15.0 |
| Medical records | ||||||||||
| Laboratory exams | ||||||||||
| Gulewitsch et al[34], 2013, Germany | Cross-sectional, school-based | 3658 (43.1) | 5-12 | Rome III | Parental QPGS-RIII | 2 | 0.2 | 4.9 | 1.0 | 3.6 |
| Parental CSI | ||||||||||
| Parental SDQ | ||||||||||
| Helgeland et al[35], 2009, Norway | Cross-sectional, secondary care | 192 (NR) | 4-15 | Rome III | Parental QPGS-III | 3 | 10.0 | 43.0 | 23.0 | 15.0 |
| Clinical evaluation | ||||||||||
| Medical records | ||||||||||
| Physical examination | ||||||||||
| Laboratory exams | ||||||||||
| Játiva et al[30], 2016, Ecuador | Cross-sectional, school-based | 420 (99.3) | 8-15 | Rome III | Self-reported QPGS-RIII | 3 | 0.5 | 4.8 | 2.4 | 3.1 |
| Parental standard questionnaire | ||||||||||
| Lewis et al[25], 2016, United States | Cross-sectional, online painel community | 1447 (NR) | 4-18 | Rome III | Parental QPGS-RIII | 2 | 0.2 | 2.8 | 9.2 | 11.6 |
| PedsQL4.0 | ||||||||||
| Lu et al[29], 2016, Colombia | Cross-sectional, school-based | 4751 (89.8) | 8-18 | Rome III | Self-reported QPGS-RIII | 3 | 4.8 | |||
| Parental standard questionnaire | ||||||||||
| Lu et al[28], 2016, Panama | Cross-sectional, school-based | 436 (82.8) | 8-14 | Rome III | Self-reported QPGS-RIII | 4 | 0.9 (0.0-2.0) | 5.6 (3.1-8.1) | 1.7 (0.2-2.9) | 3.7 (1.7-5.8) |
| Parental standard questionnaire | 0.3 (0.0-0.9) | |||||||||
| Sagawa et al[16], 2012, Japan | Cross-sectional, school-based | 3976 (NR) | 10-17 | Rome III | Self-reported QPGS-RIII | 6 | 0.9 | 5.9 | 1.8 | 4.2 |
| Self-reported PedsQL4.0 | ||||||||||
| Clinical evaluation | ||||||||||
| Saps et al[23], 2012, United States | Cross-sectional, Community | 984 (25) | 4-18 | Rome III | Parental QPGS-III | 2 | 8.1 | |||
| Saps et al[26], 2014, Colombia | Cross-sectional, school-based | 488 (83.2) | 10.0 (mean age) | Rome III | Self-reported QPGS-RIII | 4 | 1.7 (0.8-3.9) | 5.4 (3.9-8.8) | 1.0 (0.3-2.8) | 2.7 (1.6-5.2) |
| Parental standard questionnaire | 0.3 (0.0-1.7) | |||||||||
| Schurman et al[21], 2005, United States | Cross-sectional, tertiary care | 205 (75) | 8-18 | Rome II | Self-reported QPGS | 3 | p = 47 | p = 20; | p < 10 | p < 10 |
| Parental QPGS | c/a = 35 | c/a = 30; | c/a < 10; | c/a < 10 | ||||||
| Clinical evaluation | ph = 57 | ph = 12 | ph < 10 | ph < 10 | ||||||
| Uc et al[22], 2006, United States | Cross-sectional, primary care | 243 (100) | 4-17 | Rome II | Parental QPGS | 4 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Clinical evaluation | ||||||||||
| Udoh et al[41], 2016, Nigeria | Cross-sectional, school-based | 856 (NR) | 10-18 | Rome III | Self-reported QPGS-RIII | 4 | 0.4 | 5.6 | 1.8 | 2.6 |
| Standard questionnaires | ||||||||||
| Walker et al[20], 2004, United States | Cross-sectional, tertiary care | 114 (NR) | 4-17 | Rome II | Parental QPGS | 3 | 15.9 | 44.9 | 4.7 | 7.5 |
| Clinical evaluation | ||||||||||
| Parental standard interview | ||||||||||
| Medical records | ||||||||||
| Physical examination | ||||||||||
| Laboratory exams | ||||||||||
| Yamamoto et al[40], 2015, Japan | Cross-sectional, school-based | 99416 (92.2) | 12-18 | Rome III | Self-reported standard questionnaire | 6 | 18.6 (17.9-19.2) | |||
| Zablah et al[27], 2015, El Salvador | Cross-sectional, school-based | 434 (NR) | 8-15 | Rome III | Self-reported QPGS-RIII | 3 | 1.7 | 3.7 | 0.7 | 3.0 |
| Parental standard questionnaire | ||||||||||
| Zhou et al[38], 2011, China | Cross-sectional, school-based | 3671 (NR) | 12-18 | Rome III | Self-reported standard questionnaire | 5 | 19.8 (18.6-21.1) | |||
1
Score: Methodological strength of study (maximum 8) by Loney’s criteria; NR: Not reported; w: With; p: Parents; c: Children; a: Adolescents; ph: Physician; QPGS-RIII: Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms - Rome III; QPGS: Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms - Rome II; PedsQL4.0 Pediatric Quality of Life version Inventory 4.0CSI: Children’s Somatization Inventory; SDQ: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.