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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 12.
Published in final edited form as: Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016 Jan-Feb;41(1):28–36. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000332

TABLE 2.

Effect of Epidural Versus Lidocaine on Pain Scores and Morphine Consumption Across Time

Fixed Effects Estimate SE t P
Pain scores
 Intercept   4.29 0.23   18.04 <0.0001
 Time −0.52 0.007 −7.44 <0.0001
 Time2   0.0004 0.00007   6.14 <0.0001
 Group   0.78 0.26   3.01   0.003
Opioid consumption
 Intercept   6.00 1.24   4.84 <0.0001
 Time   0.26 0.03   7.86 <0.0001
 Time2 −0.003 0.0003 −8.86 <0.0001
 Group   5.77 1.50   3.84   0.0002

Linear mixed-effects models in which the intercept and the slope of time were estimated as random effects were fitted. Time2 is quadratic time.